Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Halliwell and Gutteridge (1989) avoid this use and define a free radical as follows  

Classically, radical reactions begin with an initiation process to form a radical species, such as the reaction of H2O2 with transition metals (Fenton chemistry) to form hydroxyl radical, HO (Ward-man and Candeias 1996). 

1) Iron is a constant component of crocidolite and amosite present in rather large percentage. In vitro, ferrozine, a strong Fe(II) chelator, mobilised Fe(II) 

2) The metal substitutes for another cation. In chrysotile Fe and Mn replace Mg.  

3) The metal represents an impurity caught in manufacturing (Cralley et al. 1967). 

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Wiseman H, Halliwell B Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species role In Inflammatory disease and progression to cancer. BlochemJ 1996 313 17. 

Lung tissue injury is also mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in another inflammatory lung disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [267], Lamb et al. 

Detailed analysis of the experimental methods of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species detection is outside the scope of this book. However, the consideration of the most important contemporary analytical assays is necessary because the reliability of the data already considered strongly depends on the reliability of the methods applied. 

An effect secondary to the activation of enzymes by increased calcium levels can be increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Thus, activation of mitochondrial dehydrogenases increases NADH production and electron transport, yet increased calcium uncouples ATP synthesis, and the excess electron generates superoxide. Calcium also activates nitric oxide synthetase. 

Bauer G (2000) Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species efficient, selective and interactive signals during intercellular induction of apoptosis. Anticancer Res 20 4115-4140 Beckwith AU, Davies AG, Davison IGE, Maccoll A, Mruzek MH (1989) The mechanisms of the rearrangements of allylic hydroperoxides 5a-hydroperoxy-3p-hydrocholest-6-ene and 7a-hydro-peroxy-3(1-hydroxycholest-5-ene. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2 815-824 Behar D, Czapski G, Rabani J, Dorfman LM, Schwarz HA (1970) The acid dissociation constant and decay kinetics of the perhydroxyl radical. J Phys Chem 74 3209-3213 Benjan EV, Font-Sanchis E, Scaiano JC (2001) Lactone-derived carbon-centered radicals formation and reactivity with oxygen. Org Lett 3 4059-4062 Bennett JE, Summers R (1974) Product studies of the mutual termination reactions of sec- alkylper-oxy radicals Evidence for non-cyclic termination. Can J Chem 52 1377-1379 Bennett JE, Brown DM, Mile B (1970) Studies by electron spin resonance of the reactions of alkyl-peroxy radicals, part 2. Equilibrium between alkylperoxy radicals and tetroxide molecules. Trans Faraday Soc 66 397-405... 

M. Aslam et al., Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in Alzheimer s disease. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 1, 111-119 (2004)... 

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