Reactive brominated polyols

Bromine containing polyols are very effective, reactive flame retardants. One of the most representative bromine polyols used in rigid and flexible flame retardant PU foams is 2,3 dibromobutene diol (Figure 18.3) [25] ... 

Brominated Reactive Tfetrabromobisphenol A (TBA) Brominated polyols Tfetrabromophthalic anhydride Additive Decabromodiphenyl oxide (DBDPO) TBA derivatives Hexabromocyclodecane/do decane Hexabromodiphenoxyethane Brominated polystyrene... 

With regard to reactive flame-retardants, two routes can be followed to improve thermal stability and fire behavior of PU foams use of brominated or phosphorus-containing polyol or, for rigid foams, the introduction inside polymer backbone of more thermally stable structure than urethane, mainly isocyanurate, but also uretidione rings or carbodiimide.19... 

A special group of polyols for rigid PU foams is the group of reactive flame retardant polyols containing phosphorus, chlorine or bromine, which confer fire resistance to the resulting PU (Chapter 18). 

Very interesting reactive flame retardants were used successfully in the fabrication of flame retardant rigid PU foams by Solvay under the name of Ixol polyols. These polyols are triols based on epichlorohydrin and brominated unsaturated diol. Ixol polyols have chlorine, bromine and phosphorus in each structure [3, 44, 45]. 

Other brominated FRs from Dead Sea Bromine are reactive types that should be compatible with any solvent system that is utilised as a polymerisation medium. So, aliphatic materials such as FR-513 (in alcohol) and FR-522 (diol) have good solubility in the polyol or trichloropropylphosphate (TCPP) systems used for the production of polyurethane foams. 

Tribroinoneopentyl alcohol (TBNPA) is a reactive FR containing more than 70% aliphatic bromine. It is exceptionally stable and is particularly suitable where thermal, hydrolytic, and light stability are required. It is highly soluble in polyether polyols, making it particularly suitable for use in polyurethane polymers. 

Flame Retardant n (1947) A material that reduces the tendency of plastics to burn. Flame retardants are usually incorporated as additives during compounding, but sometimes applied to surfaces of finished articles. Some plasticizers, particularly the phosphate esters and chlorinated paraffins, also serve as flame retardants. Inorganic flame retardants include antimony trioxide, hydrated alumina, monoammonium phosphate, dicyandiamide, zinc borate, boric acid, and ammonium sulfamate. Another group, called reactive-type flame retardants, includes bromine-containing polyols, Chlorendic acid and anhydride, tetrabromo- and tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, tetrabromo bisphenol A, diallyl chlorendate, and unsaturated phosphonated chlorophenols. A few neat resins, such as PVC and the fluoro- and chlorofluo-rocarbons, are flame-retardant (Elias, H (2003) An introduction to plastics. Wiley, New York Modem plastics encyclopedia. McGraw-Hill/Modem Plastics, New York, 1986 1990, 1992, 1993 editions). See Flammability. 

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