Temperatures reaction zone

Effects of Operating Temperature. The first series of tests was conducted to study the effects of reaction zone temperature on the yields and properties of gaseous, liquid, and solid products. These tests were... 

Figure 10. Effects of reaction zone temperature on liquid product properties. Hydrocarbon type—O, saturates A, olefins , aromatics. C/H weight ratio—V.

Chemical vapor deposition is a very complex process. There are numerous factors such as type, shape, and size of reactor, gas flow rate and arrangement that can affect the properties of the coating. Therefore, it is necessary to review briefly the process itself which includes reactor, reaction zones, temperature, pressure, precursors, and gas flow dynamics before discussing the thermodynamics and kinetics of the CVD. 

A schematic representation of the combustion wave structure of a typical energetic material is shown in Fig. 3-9, and the heat transfer process is shown in Fig. 3-10 as a function of the burning distance and temperature. In zone I (solid phase zone or condensed phase zone), no chemical reactions occur and temperature increases from the initial temperature (T0) to the decomposition temperature (T ). In zone II (condensed phase reaction zone), temperature increases from Tu to the burning surface temperature (Ts), where phase change from solid to liquid and/or to gas occurs... 

Fig. 2.15. Graph of In (—dv/dr) versus In [H] for recombination rate data of three experiments ( , A, ) carried out under nearly identical conditions in a 1-0% H2-3-0% O2-96-0% Ar (i =0-33) mixture. Initial pressure 15 cm Hg. Mean reaction-zone temperature 1415 K. V values range between 0-55 and 0-004, and cover a period, At, of about 450 fisec. Slope of line determined by least-squares fit = 1-01 0-01 (after Getzinger and Schott ).

Fig. 2.2. Experimental oscillogram showing absorption by OH in 306 4 nm band during shock-initiated reaction in a 1 0% H2-2 0% 02-97 0% Ar mixture. Transmission increases downward from baseline, and time increases from left to right. Time marks 100 tsec. Initial pressure 10 0 cm Hg. Shock velocity 1 215 km sec. Mean reaction zone temperature 1601 K.

Fig. 2.4. Interferogram showing instantaneous gas density profile (Reference 54) near the shock front in a 1 5% H2 98 5% Og mixture. Shock wave propagating from left to right with velocity of 1 412 km sec i. Initial pressure 6 0 cm Hg. Increasing density displaces fringes upward. Mean reaction zone temperature 1266 K.

Reaction zone temperature increased above the boiling point of sodium. This caused high temperature tube failures at 1325°C to 1345°C, even though the pressure in the tubes had fallen from 130 bar to 70 - 40 bar by this time. 

Universal gas constant A-component reaction rate Hydrogen reaction rate /-Component reaction rate Selective membrane radius Hydrogen solubility Reactor operating temperature Permeation zone temperature Temperature of heating/cooling fluid Reaction zone temperature Temperature on catalyst surface Temperature inside catalyst particle Reactor tube wall temperature... 

RADIATION CURING REACTION ZONE TEMPERATURE (30°C OR GREATER)... 

Pig. 3. Effect of Radiation Curing Reaction Zone Temperature on Polymer Tg and Adhesion... 

To test the effectiveness of the initiator at high temperature, 100 liters of the initiator solution were injected between the 135th and 136th minutes simultaneously with the nitrate. As a result, the reaction zone temperature increased from 250 to 325°C as the chemicals were injected during the 136th minute. The temperature of 325°C was set as a limit at which initiator injection may accelerate the reaction to a hazardous rate (x < 1 min). 

However, as the value of aago decreases, the optimum average reaction zone temperature in the reactive distillation decreases because the separation is becoming more difficult as temperature increases. 

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