Reaction coherent-synchronous

For a fuller description, see the scheme shown in the next page reflecting all known types of synchronous reaction coherence. 

Let us discuss this principal difference of two induction systems, physical and chemical, more comprehensively. In any chemical system, physical processes associated with diffusion and activation of reacting substances proceed simultaneously with chemical transformations of reagents. Therefore, as chemical reaction is induced by the associated physical process shaped as diffusion or activation represents the potential ability of any chemical system, whereas chemical induction consists of, at least, two coherently synchronized chemical reactions. As shown below, synchronization of kinetic curves for interfering chemical reaction product yields differs radically from these curves for physical influence on the secondary chemical reaction. 

Coherent synchronized Oxidation Reactions by Hydrogen Peroxide... 

This psychological aspect of the question made me careful when choosing the title of this book, which is Hydrogen peroxide and phenomenon of coherent synchronization between chemical and biochemical reactions. This title is more acceptable than Chemical interference. 

To make this book clearer to understand, some parallels and differences between chemical conjugation and chemical interference are discussed. In definite conditions, chemical interference and chemical conjugation have the same objectives. Nevertheless, only chemical interference allows a deeper analysis of coherent synchronous chemical reactions. 

Similar to the epoch of classical ideas, coherent synchronous reactions are divided into primary and secondary processes the primary reaction synthesizes reactive intermediates promoting bifurcation—the process splitting to, at least, two reaction flows. One of the flows is the continuation of the primary reaction, and another is responsible for the secondary reaction proceeding. Thus, the reaction system operates in the bifurcation regime— synchronous reaction interaction (coherence). 

As follows from the data shown, the phenomenon of synchronous reaction coherence promotes a growth of interest in selective oxidation processes with hydrogen peroxide. This direction becomes a prime importance for modem investigations. 

It is hoped that the efforts to lay a foundation for future process design, which may change the direction of applied chemistry in many branches, will be useful. Therefore, one more question about the practical value of synchronous reaction coherence is raised in this book. 

In addition, the margins between consecutive, parallel and coherent synchronous reactions are defined. Thus, this book will help chemists to resolve a problem proposed in the overall approach (i.e. all affects all ) to the analysis of complex chemical system via anew reality of chemical interference. 

Biomimetic chemistry is a new stage in the development of chemical ideas. In this book, new information on coherent synchronization of chemical and biochemical reactions is developed in the application of achievements of mimetic catalysis. 

The kinetics of the coherent synchronous reactions of HP decomposition and oxidation of pyridine derivatives has been reported. Regioselective oxidation of the pyridine derivatives were studied and conditions have been optimized for the production of 4-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine oxide, 2,2 -dipyridyl, and pyridine. A probable synchronized reaction mechanism has been suggested for the decomposition of HP and the free radical chain oxidation of pyridine derivatives. It is suggested that the hydroperoxy radical (H02-radical) plays a key role in this reaction mechanism. The activation energy has been calculated for the elementary steps of the dehydrogenation of 4-ethylpyridine. Oxidation of formamidine disulfide with HP in acidic medium results in the formation... 

It should also be noted that processes are also synchronized via interactions of physical (primary) and chemical (secondary) processes. The microscopic physical process, which induces chemical reaction, is of a quantum type, e.g. highly active intermediate compounds (intermediates) for acceleration of the secondary reaction are formed by the physical (pulse) method. This microscopic coherence of synchronous processes has been described in detail by A.L. Buchachenko [4],... 

Macroscopic coherence of synchronous reactions is dually displayed, because at the macroscopic level chemical processes proceed in two zones—diffusional and kinetic. 

The mitochondrial process displays an untypical, more likely unique, shape of chemical interference, characterized by the highest coherence form, when the phase shift equals 0. Such a shape of the interference pattern demonstrates high conformity of bioenergetic processes and, probably, the highest symmetry in synchronized reactions. Of course, the above-mentioned interaction between synchronous reactions is possible only at membrane analysis. 

From the very beginning, it was clear that the reaction system of two or more synchronous reactions will always find conditions and factors promoting their interaction. The level of our knowledge about kinetics and the mechanism of chemical reactions did not allow interpretation of the majority of interactions between reactions in the framework of the old concept of chemical conjugation. This prompted the question of creating a new concept which would unambiguously determine a complex interaction (coherence) between synchronous reactions. 

This wavelike behavior is indeed observed in the experiments when the drift velocity is smaller than the velocity of the oscillatory part of the flow, Vd < Vo However, when Vd > vq the oscillations synchronize over the whole system consisting of about 20 vortices. Two types of coherent oscillatory modes are observed depending on the flow parameters corotating synchronization when even and odd cells synchronize independently with arbitrary phases, and global synchronization when the BZ reaction oscillates in synchrony in every cell (Fig. 8.3). 

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