Rat sperm

FIGURE 17.1 Micrographs and electron micrographs of cytoskeletal elements, cilia, and flagella (a) microtnbnles, (b) rat sperm tail microtnbnles (cross-section),... 

Song L, Wang YB, Sun H et al (2008) Effects of fenvalerate and cypermethrin on rat sperm motility patterns in vitro as measured by computer-assisted sperm analysis. J Toxicol Environ Health A 71 325-332... 

In mammals the histones are removed and replaced by transition basic proteins in mid-spermatids and then the transition basic proteins are replaced by protamines in late spermitids and sperm [119]. In mouse and rat sperm, histones removal is complete or nearly so [119,120], but in humans 15% of the DNA remains associated with histones [121]. In bovine sperm more than 99% of the histones are removed, but CENP-A is quantitatively retained [122]. This retained CENP-A could be part of an epigenetic mark that allows the positions of the centromeres to be retained in sperm and on the paternal chromosomes of the zygote. 

Historical control data for fertility studies at Ricerca Biosciences with CrI Wistar rat sperm analysis - sperm counts... 

Siddiqui, A. Srivastava, S.P. (1992) Effect of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate administration on rat sperm coimt and on sperm metabohc energetics. Bull, environ. Contam. Toxicol., 48, 115-119... 

Chapin RE, Filler RS, Gulati D, Heindel JJ, Katz DF, Mebus CA, Obasaju F, Perreault SD, Russel SR, Schrader S, Slott V, Sokol RZ, Toth G (1992) Methods for assessing rat sperm motility. Reprod Toxicol 8 267-273. 

Slott VL, Suarez JD, Perreault SD (1991) Rat sperm motility analysis Methodologic considerations. Reprod Toxicol, 5 449-456. 

Working PK Hurtt ME (1987) Computerized videomicrographic analysis of rat sperm motility. J Androl, 8 330-337. 

Chellman. G.J.. Bus, J.S. Working, P.K. (1986c) Role of epididymal inflammation in the induction of dominant lethal mutations in Fischer 344 rat sperm by methyl chloride. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA, 83, 8087-8091... 

In mice and rats, sperm motility and count are relatively sensitive and reliable indicators of male reproductive toxicity (Morrissey et al. 1988a,b). Statistically significant, dose-related decreases in these... 

The genotoxicity of PCBs has been tested in in vivo and in vitro studies with generally negative results. End points that have been examined in these studies include gene mutations in bacteria and Chinese hamster V79 cells, chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes and rat and mouse bone marrow cells and spermatogonia, micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells, and dominant lethal mutations in rat sperm cells. 

Rat sperm cells Dominant lethal mutation - Green et al. 1975b Aroclor 1242... 

Davis, B.K., Byrne, R., and Bedigan, K, (1980). Studies on the mechanism of capacitation Albumin-mediated changes in plasma membrane lipids during in vitro incubation of rat sperm cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77 1546-1550. 

Rochwerger, L. and Cuasnicu, P.S. (1992). Redistribution of a rat sperm epididymal glycoprotein after in vitro and in vivo capacitation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 37 34-41. 

A number of other selenium proteins have been discovered in biological materials, but their function is not yet sufficiently known. For example, a selenium protein (17kDa) was found in rat sperm. It is interesting that high concentrations of selenium in male sexual organs are maintained in animals with selenium deficiency therefore, selenium compounds are likely to be important for reproductive function. Some anticarcinogenic effects are also attributed to this element. Selenium also reduces the toxic effects of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, thallium and tellurium. With arsenic, the mechanism of this protective effect is the formation of selenobis(S-glutathionyl)arsinium anion, which is formed in erythrocytes and excreted in bile (6-36). 

Kimura, H. Kato, M. Determination of rat sperm viability with fluorescence. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JR 08332098,1996 Chem. Abstr. 1997,126,154802. 

Tulsiani, D. R., M. D. Skudlarek, and M. C. Orgebin-Crist, Novel a-D-mannosidase of rat sperm plasma membranes characterization and potential role in sperm-egg interactions, /. Cell Biol, 1989, 109, 1257-1267. 

Pereira, B. M., A. Abou-Haila, and D. R. Tulsiani, Rat sperm surface mannosidase is first expressed on the plasma membrane of testicular germ cells, Biol Reprod., 1998, 59, 1288-... 

Gravance, C. G. Garner, D. L. Miller, M. G. Berger, T. Flow cytometric assessment of changes in rat sperm mitochondrial function after treatment with pentachlorophenol. Toxicol, in Vitro 2003, 17, 253-257. 

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