Raman spectroscopy biomedical applications

Industrial Analysis with Vibrational Spectroscopy Ionization Methods in Organic Mass Spectrometry Quantitative Millimetre Wavelength Spectrometry Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy A Practical Guide Chemometrics in Analytical Spectroscopy, 2nd Edition Raman Spectroscopy in Archaeology and Art History Basic Chemometric Techniques in Atomic Spectroscopy Biomedical Applications of Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy... 

C. Krafft and V. Sergo, Biomedical applications of Raman and infrared spectroscopy to diagnose tissues. Spectroscopy, 20, 195-218 (2006). 

For any vibrational mode, the relative intensities of Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering depend only on the temperature. Measurement of this ratio can be used for temperature measurement, although this application is not commonly encountered in pharmaceutical or biomedical applications. Raman scattering based on rotational transitions in the gas phase and low energy (near-infrared) electronic transitions in condensed phases can also be observed. These forms of Raman scattering are sometimes used by physical chemists. However, as a practical matter, to most scientists, Raman spectroscopy means and will continue to mean vibrational Raman spectroscopy. 

A series of advances over the past decade have made CRS microscopy a highly sensitive tool for label-free imaging and vibrational microspectroscopy that is capable of real-time, non-perturbative studies of complex biological samples based on molecular Raman spectroscopy. In particular, biomedical applications where fluorescent labeling of small molecules represents a severe pertur-... 

We hope the book has conveyed a compelling picture of the vast potential of Raman spectroscopy which recent applications and instrumentation advances have unlocked. Many areas within these specialist biomedical and pharmaceutical fields are rapidly progressing from academic research environments to implementation as solutions to practical problems. In the pharmaceutical industry this process is well advanced. The march into the biomedical area is underway and further penetration into clinical applications appears imminent. 

In this book we focus on two such major fields, biomedical and pharmaceutical. The book is aimed at life sciences and pharmaceutical readerships. Accordingly, the chapter authors emphasize explanatory material with practical implications rather than focusing on mathematical detail. The basics are explained in a way to give access to newcomers. The focus is on emerging applications of Raman spectroscopy in the concerned areas and the individual chapters emphasize the latest developments in these fields. 

Feld, M.S. Biomedical Raman Spectroscopy Basic and Clinical Applications. In Eastern Analytical Symposium Somerset, NJ USA 19 November 2003. 

Y. Guan, E. N. Lewis, and I. W. Levin, Biomedical applications of Raman spectroscopy Tissue differentiation and potential clinical usage, in Analytical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy (M. J. Pelletier, ed.), Chap. 7. Blackwell Science, Oxford, England, 1999. 

We ve tried to include all substantial developments and advances in this new edition. Significant developments in biomedical applications, microelectromechani-cal systems, and electronic textiles have been included, as has synthesis of nano-structured CEPs. New methods for characterizing CEPs, such as electrochemical Raman and electron spin resonance spectroscopy, have also been described. Significant progress is also detailed in techniques for processing CEPs and the fabrication of devices. 

Spatial heterogeneity and low reproducibility of surface roughness of the first generation of substrates for the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) were the basic restrictions of the quantitative description of effect and comparative analysis of data obtained in different laboratories. For this reason SERS spectroscopy, despite of high selectivity and sensitivity, has not got wide application as a routine analytical technique in physical, chemical and biomedical laboratories. 

Plasma emission spectrometers have shown a rapid growth. This holds also for NMR spectrometer sales because of new applications in biomedical research and more sophisticated experimental methods using increased computing power. Similarly, Raman spectroscopy, traditionally used in academic research, is gaining acceptance in industrial R D and quality control applications. Materials research and surface analysis in a variety of industries keeps the sales of electron microscopic, electron spectroscopic, ion spectroscopic, and X-ray instruments growing. Details of the various techniques on surface and interface characterization which are also important in R D of chemical sensors themselves, can be found in Chapter 3, Section 3.4.2. 

For studies by Raman spectroscopy of biomolecules, which are often not available in large amounts, SERS and RRS can be used. Raman spectra of molecules with a solubility even lower than 5X10 g per 100 g H2O can be obtained by means of SERS. In the case of biopolymers with chromophoric groups, Raman bands are both resonance and surface enhanced and high-resolution Raman spectra from very dilute solutions down to 10 mol 1 can be measured. Summaries of biochemical and biomedical applications of Raman spectroscopy are given in [35] and [36]. A review of pharmaceutical applications of Raman spectroscopy is given in [37]. 

Y. Guan, E. N. Lewis, hWLevin, Biomedical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy, in Analytical Applications of... 

Ellis DI, Goodacre R. Metabolic flngerprinting in disease diagnosis Biomedical applications of infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2006 131 875-885. 

NIR-Raman spectroscopy has been used for a number of applications and is particularly useful for biological and biomedical uses. Fluorescence has been a limiting factor for much Raman analysis of biological samples, particularly whole-cell or whole-tissue samples. NIR excitation reduces interference from fluorescence and decreases photoinduced degradation of the sample, enabling researchers to obtain spectra for a variety of biomaterials and living cells. 

Ellis, D.I. and Goodacre, R. (2006). Metabolic fingerprinting in disease diagnosis Biomedical applications of infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Analyst, 131(8) 875-885. Bibcode 2006Ana. 131.875E. doi 10.1039/b602376m. PMID 17028718. 

GJ Puppels, J Greve. Whole cell studies and tissue characterization by Raman spectroscopy. In RJH Clark, RE Hester, eds. Advances in Spectroscopy, Volume 25 Biomedical Applications of Spectroscopy. Chichester Wiley, 1996, pp 1-47. 

CJ Frank, Raman spectroscopy for identity testing Applications from development to production in the pharmacetrical industry. In A Katzir, WS Grundfest, eds. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biomedical Optics (BIOS 99). Bellingham, WA SPIE, 1999, Abstract 3608-08. AM Tudor, MC Davies, CD Melia, DC Lee, RC Mitchell, PJ Hendra, SJ Church. The application of near-infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy to the analysis of polymorphic forms of cimetidine. Spectrochim Acta 47A 1389-1393, 1991. 

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