Radiology

Lampe J. Preparing surfaces for radiological determining of residual austenite MOC IMP No 47,1980. 

Kieffer J. "Analysis of Laminographic Motions and Their Values". Radiology, vol. 

Industrial Radiology, Theory and Practice, R. Halmshaw, Applied Science Publshers, London, 1982... 

Electrolytic silver recovery is a common technique to desilver fixing solutions. It has been known for decades, although it never really reached a point where it was massively introduced into the industrial radiology market. In the past, the main reasons to implement silver recovery were twofold. 

In the first place, the recovery of silver may have economical reasons as silver is a precious metal. The silver present in the used fixing solution, represents a value of typically I to 2 DEM/liter. This recovery was usually performed off-line, mostly by companies who gathered the fixing waste of many radiology sites. 

Le Bihan D, Breton E, Lallemand D, Aubin M-L, Vignaud J and Laval-Jeantet M 1988 Separation of diffusion and perfusion in intravoxel inooherent motion MR imaging 1988 Radiology 168 497-505... 

Axel L and Dougherty L 1989 Fleart wall motion—improved method of spatial modulation of magnetization for MR imaging Radiology 172 349-50... 

Crystals of uranium nitrate are triboluminescent. Uranium salts have also been used for producing yellow "vaseline" glass and glazes. Uranium and its compounds are highly toxic, both from a chemical and radiological standpoint. 

Because of the high rate of emission of alpha particles and the element being specifically absorbed on bone the surface and collected in the liver, plutonium, as well as all of the other transuranium elements except neptunium, are radiological poisons and must be handled with very special equipment and precautions. Plutonium is a very dangerous radiological hazard. Precautions must also be taken to prevent the unintentional formulation of a critical mass. Plutonium in liquid solution is more likely to become critical than solid plutonium. The shape of the mass must also be considered where criticality is concerned. 

REGULATORY AGENCIES - CHEMICALPROCESS INDUSTRY] (Vol 21) International Commission on Radiological Protection... 

A D—T fusion reactor is expected to have a tritium inventory of a few kilograms. Tritium is a relatively short-Hved (12.36 year half-life) and benign (beta emitter) radioactive material, and represents a radiological ha2ard many orders of magnitude less than does the fuel inventory in a fission reactor. Clearly, however, fusion reactors must be designed to preclude the accidental release of tritium or any other volatile radioactive material. There is no need to have fissile materials present in a fusion reactor, and relatively simple inspection techniques should suffice to prevent any clandestine breeding of fissile materials, eg, for potential weapons diversion. 

K. R. ErvaU and R. Murray, Lvaluation of Commercially Nvailahk Laser Frotective Lyewear, HEW Publication (PDA) 79-8086, U.S. Dept, of Health, Education, and Welfare, Bureau of Radiological Health, RockviUe, Md., 1979 R. L. Elder, Science 182, 1080 (1973). 

Code of Federal Kegulations Tide 21, Radiological Health Superintendent of Documents GPO Washington, D.C. 20402... 

L. F. Squire and R. A. Novelhne, Fundamentals of Radiology, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1975. 

M. M. Ter-Pogossian, The Physical Aspects of diagnostic Radiology, Harper Row, New York, 1967. 

Electromagnetic Fields and the Risk of Cancer, Report of an Advisoy Group on Non-Ioni ng Radiation, documents of the National Radiological Protection Board, U.K., Vol. 3, Mar. 1992. 

The neutrons in a research reactor can be used for many types of scientific studies, including basic physics, radiological effects, fundamental biology, analysis of trace elements, material damage, and treatment of disease. Neutrons can also be dedicated to the production of nuclear weapons materials such as plutonium-239 from uranium-238 and tritium, H, from lithium-6. Alternatively, neutrons can be used to produce radioisotopes for medical diagnosis and treatment, for gamma irradiation sources, or for heat energy sources in space. 

Spent fuel casks are of type B. For the movement of spent fuel, computer tracking systems are used. State radiological safety units are informed of shipments of spent fuel and other high activity radioactive materials so that these units may respond in case of accident. 

J. E. Till and H. R. Meyer, eds.. Radiological Assessment, A Textbook on Environmental Dose Analysis, NUREG/CR-3332, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washiagton, D.C., 1983 Disposal of Radioactive Waste Review of S afety Assessment Methods, Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, 1991. 

The sum total of risks of the nuclear fuel cycle, most of which are associated with conventional industrial safety, are greater than those associated with nuclear power plant operation (30,35—39). However, only 1% of the radiological risk is associated with the nuclear fuel cycle so that nuclear power plant operations are the dominant risk (40). Pubhc perception, however, is that the disposition of nuclear waste poses the dominant risk. 

Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection," International Commission on Radiological Protection, Pubhcation 26, Pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K., 1977. 

U.S. radiation protection guidelines are estabHshed by the National CouncH on Radiation Protection and Measurement (NCRP) and are based on the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The National Research CouncH also sponsors a report from its advisory committee on the biological effects of ionizing radiations (20). 

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