Radioactive ray

Besides the subjects in Table 1, someone would list up radiolysis, which is the water-splitting system by radioactive rays. However, it belongs to a kind of photolysis, and has apprehensions that the produced hydrogen may carry the contaminated radioactivity. 

Radiation chemistry X-rays, radioactive -/-rays water (highly purified) Very seldom, solely experimental... 

The spontaneous emission of radioactive rays by an unstable atomic nucleus is called radioactivity. Spontaneously disintegrating atoms are called radioactive atoms and the nuclei of these atoms are unstable. 

The changing of radioactive elements into other elements through radioactive emissions is called either radioactive decay or radioactive disintegration. By using radioactive rays, it is possible to detect whether a substance is radioactive or not. There are several methods to detect the types of radiations and their intensities. The most commonly used device to check the intensity of radioactivity is the Geiger-Mtiller counter. 

The rate of radioactive decay of an element is the number of atoms emitting a radioactive ray per a unit time. The rate of decay is directly proportional to the initial amount of substance and the structure of the nuclei. On the other hand, the rate of decay is independent of the physical and chemical properties of a radioactive atom. Temperature does not affect the rate of decay. The rate of... 

In space, radioactive rays have the enormous speed of about 300,000 km per second. Due to this, they can easily enter our body and damage our cells. Moreover, these rays may also change the chemical structure of our cells. In fact, electrically charged rays can ionize and decompose some molecules in cells in only one thousandth of a second. In addition, they can affect other cells found in the surroundings of these cells and may disrupt their physiological functions. When these types of cells are exposed to radiation they either die or lose their function. In reality, the death of only a small amount of cells is not so important because in normal conditions the death of some cells results in the rebirth of new ones. However, the sudden death of a large number of cells is very dangerous. 

What changes are caused by radioactive rays on the human organism ... 

Spontaneous emission of radioactive rays by an unstable atomic nucleus. 

Medieval alchemists spent years trying to convert other metals into gold without success. Years of failure and the acceptance of Dalton s atomic theory early in the nineteenth century convinced scientists that one element could not be converted into another. Then, in 1896 Henri Becquerel discovered radioactive rays (natural radioactivity) coming from a uranium compound. Ernest Rutherford s study of these rays showed that atoms of one element may indeed be converted into atoms of other elements by spontaneous nuclear disintegrations. Many years later it was shown that nuclear reactions initiated by bombardment of nuclei with accelerated subatomic particles or other nuclei can also transform one element into another—accompanied by the release of radiation (induced radioactivity). 

Method of crosslinking Copolymerization with crosslinking monomers Crosslinking of water-soluble polymer Irradiation of radioactive ray Self-crosslinking Introduction of crystal structure... 

Ra radium, 88, 1898 from the Latin radius (ray) because it emits radioactive rays. 

If you eat processed food, you have probably eaten ingredients exposed to radioactive rays. In the United States, up to 10 percent of herbs and spices are irradiated to control mold, zapped w ith X rays at a dose equal to 60 million chest X rays. Although food irradiation has been used in one way or another for more than 40 years, it faces an uncertain future in this country. 

All the following are true regarding radioactive rays, EXCEPT ... 

Because radioactive rays are hazardous to health and living tissue, special precautions must be taken in designing laboratories and nuclear reactors, in disposing of waste materials, and in monitoring the radiation exposure of people working in this field. 

Explain why radioactive rays are classified as ionizing radiation. 

Radioactive rays radiopharmaceuticals that have short decay half-life time, are entered into the body by injection or through the digestive system. The temporal distribution of the radiopharmaceuticals in body is a main structure factor. It s measured from the intensity of gamma rays that are released from the body. Also the gamma absorption rate of tissues in volume is defined too. 

In radioactive computed tomography, radio-active isotopes are injected into the botfy, then gamma sensors are used to receive the intensity of released radioactive rays. Cylinder and cone collimators are used to determine the absorption coefficient and the distribution of radioactive isotopes intensity in the body. Currently there are two types... 

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