Radiation mutagenic effects

The problem is that nuclear wastes contain radioactive isotopes that release life-threatening ionizing radiation that may pose a threat to humans and the environment for hundreds, thousands, or even millions of years. This radiation can cause carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects in small amounts and can result in radiation sickness and death in larger amounts. 

This stage has also shown no mutagenic effect of radiation. 

The combination of chromium trioxide and RF radiation has synergistic mutagenic effects upon Vicia faba root tip cells upon exposure. Mutagenesis is sharply elevated relative to treatment with chromium trioxide alone/35 ... 

There is strong experimental and epidemiologic evidence linking UV radiation to the development of skin cancers (recently reviewed by Holmquist and Gao, 1997). p53 mutations are common in all skin cancers except melanoma, in which p53 appears to be inactivated by alternative, unknown mechanisms. The p53 mutation spectrum in nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) shows a high frequency of C to T transitions (56% of all mutations), including tandem CC to TT transitions (6% of all mutations), a type of mutation that is extremely uncommon in any other tumor type. Both types of mutation are consistent with the mutagenic effects of UV in vitro. In particular, tandem CC to TT mutations are formed as a result of inefficient repair of a common photoproduct, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. 

R. B. Webb, Lethal and mutagenic effects of near-ultraviolet radiation, Photochem. Photobiol. Rev. 2, 169-261 (1977). 

Comparison of the Mutagenic Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation and Chemicals in Normal and DNA-Repair-Deficient Human Cells in Culture... 

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