Radiation grafting acrylates

Several authors have discussed the ion exchange potentials and membrane properties of grafted cellulose [135,136]. Radiation grafting of anionic and cationic monomers to impart ion exchange properties to polymer films and other structures is rather promising. Thus, grafting of acrylamide and acrylic acid onto polyethylene, polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer as a blend [98], and waste rubber powder [137,138], allows... 

Patri, M., Hande, V. R., Phadnis, S. and Deb, P. C. 2004. Radiation-grafted solid polymer electrolyte membrane thermal and mechanical properties of sulfonated fluormated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP)-graft-acrylic acid membranes. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 15 622-627. 

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37,No.8,April 1989,p.2153-64 PREPARATION OF HYDROPHILIC POLYETHYLENE FOAM OF OPEN CELL TYPE BY RADIATION GRAFTING OF ACRYLIC ACID Kaji K Hatada M Yoshizawa I Kohara C Komai K JAPAN,ATOMIC ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE SANWAKAKOCO. 

Modified Surfaces. It is frequently desirable to change the surface of a polymer. Nonpolar surfaces of plastics are characterized by static electricity buildup, non-wetting, poor adhesion, low printability, and poor dyeing. These disadvantages can be overcome by grafting polar vinyl monomers upon the surface by irradiation. A. S. Hoffman describes radiation grafting of polyelectrolytes upon nonpolar surfaces, and A. Chapiro and co-workers discuss radiation grafting of acrylic acid and vinyl pyridene upon Teflon films. 

In the present paper, this acid effect will be compared with other recently discovered additives (19), in particular the polyfunctional acrylates, for the enhancement in radiation grafting. 

The RAI Research Corporation also offers a range of battery separators under the name of Permion (JL). These membranes are made by radiation grafting of a suitably active group onto an inert base film. The active groups include weak acids such as acrylic and substituted acrylic acid and stronger acidic groups such as sulfonated styrene. The base film can be Teflon R, polyethylene or polypropylene. They are thus not strictly perfluorinated membranes as is Nafion, but in chemical inertness and in many physical properties such as electrical conductivity and ion flux are useful as separators in batteries. 

A. Katakai, T. Sugo and K. Makuuchi, Water Selective Separation of Ethanol-Water Mixture through Acrylic Acid Grafted Membrane Prepared by Radiation Grafting, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, (1994) 68. 

Other systems investigated by this group are butyl rubber, - natural rubber sensitized with acrylates,chloroprene, chlorobutyl rubber and nitrile rubber.More recently, Perera has examined the relationship between chemical changes in radiation-grafted natural rubber, determined using MAS NMR, and mechanical properties measured using dynamic mechanical analysis. 

Gupta, B., Muzyyan, N., Saxena, S. et al. 2008. Preparation of ion exchange membranes by radiation grafting of acrylic acid on FEP films. Radiat Phys Chem. 77 42 8. 

Acrylonitrile is the starting material for the different acrylic compounds formed by various types of reactions. Fig.l shows the general scheme of the derivation of acrylonitrile and the polymerisation of the different monomers. The system within the dotted lines (Fig.l, right) is present in solutions for the modification techniques of polymers surfaces by radiation grafting. The use of this technique in technical application causes the need of a detailed analysis of the components of the system. The grafting by irradiation leads to a consumption of the monomer as well as to the formation of the so called homopolymers which are non-desired by-products of the graft copolymer. For the control of a grafting solution instrumental methods are needed which preferentially are based on electroanalytical techniques. 

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