Radiation doses incident dose

Sections 9.1.6 (c) and 9.2.1 (h) drew attention to the hazards of using old equipment. Similar remarks apply to old software except that, unfortunately, it never wears out. I do not know of any incidents in the process industries due to this cause, but it was responsible for the loss of the European space rocket Ariane 5. A function that no longer served any purpose was left in for commonality reasons, and the decision to do so was not analyzed or fully understood [14]. In another incident, cancer patients received excessive doses of radiation because operators were able to enter data faster than the computer could process them. This had always been the case, but originally a hardwired interlock had prevented... 

Comparison with other Studies. How do the results of our investigation compare with similar studies Our results corroborate the data provided in a similar study of the effect of UV-B on primary productivity in the southeastern Pacific Ocean (35). In the latter study, it was noted that enhanced UV-B radiation caused significant decreases in the productivity of surface and deep samples. Compared to ambient, primary productivity decreased with increasing doses of UV-B. In another study in which in situ experiments using natural Antarctic phytoplankton populations, it was noted that incident solar radiation significantly depressed photosynthetic rates in the upper 10-15 meters of the water column (36). It was also found that the spectral region between 305 and 350 nm was responsible for approximately 75 percent of the overall inhibitory effect. 

The existing evidence does not exclude the existence of a threshold for some (perhaps even aU) forms of cancer, but the available epidemiological and laboratory data do not favor such a possibility. Hence, the interpolation models used by national and international experts for estimating the carcinogenic risks of low-level ionizing radiation are generally based on the assumption of a non-threshold dose-incidence relationship (ICRP, 1977 UNSCEAR, 1977 NAS/NRC, 1980 NCRP, 1980 Sinclair, 1981 Rail eta/., 1985). 

Whatever mathematical model is assumed for the dose-incidence relationship, it is noteworthy that susceptibility can vary markedly with age, so that the radiation-induced cancer excess at various times after irradiation may more nearly approximate a constant percentage of the natural age-specific incidence than a constant number of additional cases, depending on the neoplasm in question. For some individual neoplasms, but not the leukemias, the data do in fact suggest that the "relative risk model is more appropriate than the absolute risk model (see Section 6.1.7). For all neoplasms combined, also, the excess of radiation-induced cases at different times after irradiation approximates more nearly a constant percentage of the age-specific incidence. 

If it is correct that nobody has ever reported an increased incidence of thyroid cancer following 1311,1 do not follow the argument that we should be concerned about this in the case of a massive nuclear accident. What is finally the main reason to propose a prophylaxis program with KI I would also know what one should think about the question of dose "rate , since in the case of a nuclear accident, the radiation dose will be delivered over a considerable period of time. 

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