Radial nets

Individuals of the next most complex major phylum, Cnidaria (formerly Coelenterata), are radially symmetric with two distinct cell layers, the endoderm and ectoderm. Many species exist both as a polyp or hydra form (Fig. 1-13) and as a medusa or jellyfish. The jellyfish apparently has no brain but the ways in which its neurons interconnect in a primitive radial net are of interest. The Cnidaria have a very simple body form with remarkable regenerative powers. The freshwater hydra, a creature about 1 cm long (Fig. 1-13), contains a total of -105 cells. A complete hydra can be regenerated from a small piece of tissue if the latter contains some of both the inner and the outer cell layers.121 122... 

A typical low-angle diffraction pattern from relaxed bony fish muscle is shown in Fig. 4B. Much of the intensity that is seen comes from the organization of the myosin heads on the myosin filaments in the resting state (probably mainly MADP.Pi). We know that the myosin heads lie approximately on three co-axial helices of subunit translation 143 A and repeat 429 A. This is most easily represented by the radial net shown in Fig. 16B-D. The radial net in D is like an opened-out surface view of the filament in B. Here the helical tracks become straight lines, and the black blobs represent the origins on the myosin filament surface of the pairs of myosin heads in each myosin molecule. From early studies it is known that the three crowns within the 429 A repeat are not exactly the same and that there is a perturbation. 

Fig. 22. (A) Radial net of an array of six actin filaments (light blue) surrounding a...

Fig. 27. Radial net of various crossbridge lattices from different species along with their corresponding computed Fourier transform. The myosin filament is three-stranded in (A) vertebrate muscle, four-stranded in invertebrates (B and C), and seven-stranded in scallop muscle (D). This figure shows the similarity of the surface lattices of the myosin head origins on the myosin filaments in different muscles although the myosin heads have different slew, tilt, and rotations. Images were created using the program HELIX (Knupp and Squire, 2004).

Fig. 9. Representation of a 13/6 actin filament together with its illustration by means of a radial net. In (A) an imaginary piece of paper is wrapped round the filament and on it are marked all the positions of the actin monomers. The paper is then unwrapped as in (B) and the helical tracks in (A) become straight lines. The final result in (C) is the radial projection or radial net. The 59 A pitch length (P) and 27.5 A subunit axial translation (h) are indicated in (C).

Fig. 11. (A) Radial net for an actin filament (blue) with tropomyosin strands (green)...

A radial distribution function can be determined by setting up a histogram for various distances and then looking at all pairs of molecules to construct the diagram. Diffusion coefficients can be obtained by measuring the net distances... 

Carbon—carbon composites for rocket nozzles or exit cones are usually made by weaving a 3D preform composed of radial, axial, and circumferential carbon or graphite fibers to near net shape, followed by densification to high densities. Because of the high relative volume cost of the process, looms have been designed for semiautomatic fabrication of parts, taking advantage of selective reinforcement placement for optimum thermal performance. 

Noise Control Sound is a fluctuation of air pressure that can be detected by the human ear. Sound travels through any fluid (e.g., the air) as a compression/expansion wave. This wave travels radially outward in all directions from the sound source. The pressure wave induces an oscillating motion in the transmitting medium that is superimposed on any other net motion it may have. These waves are reflec ted, refracted, scattered, and absorbed as they encounter solid objects. Sound is transmitted through sohds in a complex array of types of elastic waves. Sound is charac terized by its amplitude, frequency, phase, and direction of propagation. 

As compression occurs concurrently in both halves of the compressor, radial forces are oppositely directed, resulting in negligible net-radial loads on the rotor bearings (uuhke twin screw compressors), but there are some loads on the star wheel shafts. 

Baffles are responsible for restricting the tangential velocity component, u, and augment the vertical component, while simultaneously increasing the radial velocity, U,. The net result is that the liquid discharges from the impeller in a wider flow radius. 

Extraction of rhizosphere soil (22,34,51,52) is an approach that can provide information about long-term accumulation of rhizosphere products (root exudates and microbial metabolites) in the soil. Culture systems, which separate root compartments from adjacent bulk soil compartments by steel or nylon nets (52-54) have been employed to study radial gradients of rhizosphere products in the root environment. The use of different extraction media can account for different adsorption characteristics of rhizosphere products to the soil matrix (22,34). However, even extraction with distilled water for extended periods (>10 min) may... 

Figure 4. 2.10 shows the power of using MRI to determine viscosity. In this figure, the radial resolution of the MRI has been varied from 200 pm to 1 mm while the velocity resolution has remained constant at 8iv = 2.2 mm s-1. The most important conclusions to draw from this are two-fold. Firstly, the effect of the radial resolution is small. On the scale shown in Figure 4. 2.10, it is almost impossible to discern any effect whatsoever. Qualitatively, the net effect of changing the radial... 

Chen, S., Cowan, C. F. N., and Grant, P. M., Orthogonal least squares learning algorithm for radial basis function networks, IEEE Trans. Neur. Net. 2(2), 302-309 (1991). 

The rate of bubble collapse Rcl is primarily important in the first transition zone where the bulk liquid is subcooled. A number of studies have been published on subcooled boiling as well as the prediction of the point of net vapor generation, characteristics defining Transition Zone I, and the onset of nucleation. These studies all result in empirical correlations, and have not led to quantitative conclusions which can be generalized. The radial velocity... 

Upon moving from the pore constriction (f=0) to the pore body (f = A/2), the lamella is stretched as it conforms to the wall. To achieve the requisite volume rearrangement a radial pressure differential is induced which thins the film but results in no net fluid efflux into the Plateau borders. The converse occurs when the film is squeezed upon moving from a pore body to a pore constriction. If R /R, or equivalently a, is large enough... 

The popular radial basis function nets (RBF nets) model nonlinear relationships by linear combinations of basis functions (Zell [1994] Jagemann [1998] Zupan and Gasteiger [1993]). Functions are called to be radial when their values, starting from a central point, monotonously ascend or descend such as the Cauchy function or the modified Gauss function at Eq. (6.125) ... 

This also applies to a body submerged in a fluid that is subject to any acceleration. For example, a solid particle of volume Vs submerged in a fluid within a centrifuge at a point r where the angular velocity is on is subjected to a net radial force equal to Ap on2rVs. Thus, the effect of buoyancy is to effectively reduce the density of the body by an amount equal to the density of the surrounding fluid. 

The radius at which a particle will rotate within the body of a cyclone corresponds to the position where the net radial force on the particle is zero. The two forces acting are the centrifugal force outwards and the frictional drag of the gas acting inwards. 

Net accumulation rate due to diffusion from boundaries in radial direction ... 

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