Quercetin 3 0 arabinoside

Fig. 1 Chromatography of flavonoids. 1. Extract. Solidaginis 2. Rutin — chlorogenic acid — isoquercitrin — quercitrin 3. Extract. Hyperici 4. Hyp>erosid — quercetin-3-arabinosid — hypericin — quercetin 5. Extract. Betulae...

The following fiRf values were obtained quercetin 90 — 95, hypericin 75 — 80, quercitrin 60 — 65, quercetin-3-arabinoside 55 — 60, isoquercitrin 45 — 50, hyperoside 40—45, chlorogenic acid 30 — 35, rutin 20—25 (Fig. 1). 

Harborne and Saleh (1971) confirmed the presence of quercetin 3-arabinoside in the leaves of fennel and three other flavo-nol glycosides, kaempferol 3-arabinoside, kaempferol 3-glucuronide and quercetin 3-glucuronide. A chemotypic characterization of populations of fennel based on the occurrence of glycosides has been attempted. The dried distillation residue of fennel fruits contains 14-22% protein and 12-18% fat and is suitable for stock feed (Weiss, 2002). 

Fig. 1 Chromatography of flavonoids. 1. Extract. Solidaginis 2. Rutin — chlorogenic acid — isoquercitrin — quercitrin 3. Extract. Hyperici 4. Hyperosid — quercetin-3-arabinosid — hypericin — quercetin 5. Extract. Betulae-------------------------------------------------...

Phospholipid 4>0c4>0JIHnHfl Quercetin-3-arabinoside 3-apa6HH03Hfl KBeiteroHa ... 

Figure 7.10 Separation of a standard mixture of 13 phenolic compounds by automated multiple development by use of a 20-step universal gradient composed of acetonitrile, methylene chloride, and hexane. The drying time was 4 min, and the gas phase for conditioning the plate between runs was prepared from 10% aqueous formic acid. The phenols were (1) rutin, (2) kaempf-erol-3-rutinoside, (3) quercetin-3-arabinoside, (4) quercetin-3-galactoside, (5) chlorogenic acid, (6) myricetin, (7) caffeic acid, (8) quercetin, (9) apigenin, (10) ferulic acid, (11) acacetin, (12) flavon, (13) coumarin. [Reprinted from Lodi et al. (1991) with permission of Alfred Huethig Verlag GmbH.]...

Peaks 1. HMF, 2. conjugated coumaric, 3. chlorogenic, 4. chlorogenic isomer, 5. caffeic, 6. p-coumarylquinic, 7. p-coumaric, 8. phloretin xyloglucoside, 9. quercetin galactoside, 10. quercetin glucoside, 11. phloridzin, 12. quercetin xyloside, 13. quercetin arabinoside,... 

The flavonol quercetin and its glycoside derivatives, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, and the biflavones 13,118-biapigenin and amentoflavone are described as the most common in the drug extracts, Fig. (12). Recently, a detailed chemical study by on-line coupling of HPLC with UV, NMR and MS [63], allowed the determination of two other flavonoids in H. perforatum the quercetin-galacturonide and the quercetin-arabinoside. 

Phytochemistry The herb contains coumarins (umbelUferone and hemiarine) and their derivatives, flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, quercetin triglycoside, quercetin arabinoside, quercetin galactoside, rhamnoglycoside, isorhanmetin triglycoside, etc.), triterpene saponins, essential oil, and traces of alkaloids (Khodzhimatov 1989 Akopov 1990 Schroder et al. 1993). 

Phenyl-P-naphthylamine (j)eHHJi-b-Hac )THnaMHH Quercetin arabinoside apa6HH03Hfl KBepncTHHa ... 

FIGURE 1.16 Electropherogram of a Passiflorae herba methanol extract. Capillary temperature 35°C voltage 30 kV electrolyte buffer 25 mM sodium tetraborate containing 20% MeOH (pH 9.5) UV detection at 275 nm IS internal standard quercetin 3-0-arabinoside. (From Marchart, E., Krenn, L., and Kopp, B., Planta Med., 69, 452, 2003. With permission.)... 

F Separation of extract (2) in solvent sy.stem 2 and spraying with NP/PEG reagent reveals a series of blue fluorescent zones from the start till the solvent front, mostly due to phenol carboxylic acids (e.g. chlorogenic acid at R, 0.45) and a yellow fluorescent flavonoid glycosides, e.g. isoquercitrin at R, 0.6, as well as minor compounds in the lower Rf range (e.g. rutin, quercetin-3,7-diglucosido-3-arabinoside) and the aglycones at the solvent front. 

C The separation in solvent system C and detection with NP/PEG reagent reveals three yellow-orange fluorescent flavonoids at Rf 0.2-0.45, with quercetin-3-O-rhainnosyl-arabinoside and kaempferol-3-0-robmosyl-7-rhamiioside as major zones. 

Quercetin glycosides rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin, quercetin-3-O-arabinoside Kaempferol -SJ-O-dirhamnoside, k-3-O-rhamnoside and -3-0-arabinoside... 

Querdtrin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, quercetin-3-O-arabinoside (=avicularin) Myricetin-3-O-galactoside and -digalactosidc Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and rhamnoside Isorhamnetin-3-O-galactaside, hesperidin Chlorogenic and caffeic acid... 

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