Quaternary amines antibacterial

ANTIBACTERIAL and ANTHELMINTIC, fenticonazole [ban. inn] (fenticonazole nitrate [usan] Lomexin ) is an (imidazole group) ANTIFUNGAL. Clinically, it can be used topically, fenticonazole nitrate fenticonazole. fentonium bromide [inn] is a quaternary amine, a MUSCARINIC CHOLINOCEPTOR ANTAGONIST, which can be used as an antispasmodic and to treat bladder irritability, fenyramidol [inn] (( )-form = phenyramidol hydrochloride [usan]) is a pyridinylaminobenzenemethanol derivative, with ANALGESIC and SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT properties. 

Although the alkylphenols, the quaternary amines, and the polypeptide antibiotics are surface-active, this property alone cannot cause biological action (Luduena et al., 1955). Ordinary surface-active substances of the three charge-types (cationic, anionic, and neutral) are highly antibacterial, slightly anti-... 

Isolation of xestamines D-H (22-26) from Calyx podatypa yielded two fractions, xestamines and their corresponding A -methylpyridinium salts [14]. It is interesting that these quaternary pyridinium salts exerted a moderate antibacterial activity against bacteria, that was about 40 times greater than the activity of the corresponding tertiary amines. 

The chemical modification of CS biopolymers via reductive amination, to yield alkylated CS derivatives, and further quaternisation result in very efficient antibacterial materials the degree of activity is correlated to the length of the alkyl chain and bacterial strain. The most active CS derivatives are more selective at killing bacteria than the quaternary ammonium disinfectants, cetylpyridinium chloride and benzalkonium chloride, and AMP. Vanillin can be used as a crosslinker of CS nsing this approach, functionalised antimicrobial polymers based on CS, vanillin. Tween 60 and so on may be easily prepared. Imino-CS biopolymer films, prepared by the acid condensation of the amino groups of CS with various aldehydes, can be used as functional biodynamic materials. 

---