Pyrogenic organic matter

BLACK CARBON AND THERMALLY ALTERED (PYROGENIC) ORGANIC MATTER CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE ROLE IN THE ENVIRONMENT... 

Knicker, H., Wiesmeier, M., and Dick, D. P. (2008b). A simplified method for the quantification of pyrogenic organic matter in grassland soils via chemical oxidation. Geoderma 147, 6974. 

Simoneit BRT, Organic matter of the troposphere III — Characterization and sources of petroleum and pyrogenic residues in aerosols over the Western United St3X.es, Atmos Environ 18 51-67, 1984. 

PAHs are released to the environment from a number of sources pyrogenic sources including fossil fuel combustion and pyrolytic processes of organic matter such as incineration and petrogenic sources such as oils spills. Direct oil spilled from stationary sources and accidents cause contamination of land. Oil spills at US Army bases in South Korea is reported as a source of soil and groundwater contamination to nearby area... 

On the other hand, pressure is applied in reverse osmosis to drive the solvent (water) out of the high-concentration side into the low-concentration side this facilitates de-watering insoluble species for their removal. This process produces high-quality water and concentrated refuse. It separates and removes dissolved solids, organics, pyrogens, colloidal matter, viruses, and bacteria from water in the particle range 10 4—10—2 pm. Reverse osmosis can remove up to 95%-99% of the total dissolved solids (TDS) and 99% of all bacteria. It is used for the ob-tention of drinking water from seawater and for the production of ultra pure water in various industries. 

Compressed air is one of the utilities that may have direct or incidental product contact and therefore requires qualification. The types of contaminants found in compressed air, not surprisingly, are the same as those found in the ambient environment. These may include micro-organisms (e.g., bacteria, molds, and viruses), moisture, particulate matter, and possibly pyrogens. Undesirable levels of hydrocarbons from compressor lubricants may be found if the compressor is not of the oil-free type. 

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