Pyrodinium bahamense

Seliger, H. H., Biggley, W. H., and Swift, E. (1969). Absolute values of photon emission from the marine dinoflagellates Pyrodinium bahamense, Gonyaulax polyedra and Pyrocystis lunula. Photochem. Photobiol. 10 227-232. 

M.- Gessnerium monilatum. P.-P. peruviana. T.-P. tamarensis (N- New Zealand isolate). Black triangles- Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressa. Open triangles- Pyr. bahamense var. bahamense. 

In this paper we summarize our recent findings on paralytic shellfish toxins in tropical waters (8-15) with new assignment of a component previously unreported. It includes the confirmation of paralytic shellfish toxins in the dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense war, aompressa and bivalver exposed to the organism (, with structural elucidation of three components (9,1 ). The detailed analyses of the toxin composition of crabs (11-13) and marine snails (13,14) and confirmation of a calcareous red alga Jania sp. as the primary source of the toxins ( 15) are also described. 

Fish kills have been reported for the Indo-Pacific region in association with blooms of another dinoflagellate, Pyrodinium bahamense ( ), which has since been confirmed to contain paralytic shellfish toxins (9 ). Whether the toxins were involved in the kills apparently remains unknown. 

Several species of dinoflagellate, such as Alexandrium tamarense (Prakash, 1967), Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum (Harada et al., 1982) and Gymnodinium catenatum (Oshima et al., 1993) are known to transmit their toxins to shellfish. 

Harada, T., Oshima, Y., Kamiya, H., Yasumoto, T., 1982. Confirmation of paralytic shellfish toxins in the dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressa and bivalves in Palau. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 48, 821-825. 

Harada, T., et al.. Structures of two paralytic shellfish toxins, gonyautoxins-V and VI, isolated from a tropical dinoflagellate, Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressa., Agric. Biol. Chem., 46, 1861, 1982. 

Montojo, U.M., et al.. Remarkable difference in accumulation of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins among bivalve species exposed to Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum bloom in Masinloc bay, Philippines, Toxicon, 48, 85, 2006. 

Hummert, C. et al.. Analysis of the characteristic PSP profiles of Pyrodinium bahamense and several strains of Alexandrium by HPLC based on ion-pair chromatographic separation, post-colunm oxidation, and fluorescence detection, Chromatographia, 45, 312, 1997. 

Taylor, F.J.R. and Fukuyo, Y. Morphological features of the motile cell of Pyrodinium bahamense, in WorldPish Center conference proceedings, Hallegraeff, G.M. and Maclean, l.L. WorldFish Center, Bandar Seri Begawan (Brunei Darussalam), May 23-30, 1989. 

A. ostenfeldii, A. minutum, Pyrodinium bahamense, Gymnodinium catenatum Aphanizomenon flosaquae, Anabaena circinalis, Lyngbya wolki [101-103]... 

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