Pyrex glass equipment

In general, only Pyrex glass equipment is needed, although quartz apparatus will show less corrosion. Traces of SiF4 are removed at the end of the procedure anyway. 

This research used mechanically agitated tank reactor system shown in Fig. 1. The reactor, 102 mm in diameter and 165 mm in height, was made of transparant pyrex glass and was equipped with four baffles, 120 mm in length and 8 mm in width, and six blades disc turbine impeller 45 mm in diameter and 12 mm in width. The impeller was rotated by electric motor with digital impeller rotation speed indicator. Waterbath thermostatic, equipped with temperature controller was used to stabilize reactor temperature. Gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient kia was determined using dynamic oxygenation method as has been used by Suprapto et al. [11]. 

Mercury diffusion pumps are standard pieces of laboratory equipment and, for most cases, quite adequate ones can be constructed from glass. In general, Pyrex glass (or similar glass) is necessary because hot mercury vapour circulates and differential strain is... 

Influence of Wavelength of Radiation. Our initial indications of crosslinking were observed during exposures in an Atlas Electric Devices Co. carbon-arc Fade-ometer equipped with a Corex D filter. Later, the same behavior was found when exposures were made in an Atlas 600WRC xenon-arc Fade-ometer having Pyrex-glass filters. 

The mercury analyses were conducted using a Coleman Instruments mercury analyser (MAS-50) equipped with a recorder. The aqueous sample solution was contained in a 250 ml Pyrex glass bubbler placed at one end of a sampling train employing nitrogen as the purging and carrier gas. A schematic diagram of the entire system is shown in Fig. 5.12. 

Reagent-grade bromine is used without further purification. It can be stored under static vacuum for long periods at room temperature in an ordinary Pyrex glass tube equipped with a Teflon resin stopcock. Tetrafluorohydrazinef is used without further purification. 

Photolysis is carried out in an 850-ml. Pyrex glass vessel equipped with a water-cooled quartz probe. The ultraviolet light source is a 450-watt lamp with a Vycor filterf. To reduce the dangers from a possible explosion or eye damage from ultraviolet radiation, the reaction vessel shown in Fig. 5 is contained in a wooden box. 

The sodium hydroxide solution from a large bottle, and at room temperature, is caused to flow at the rate of 1 1. per hour through a pyrex glass tube equipped with an overflow for the solution and another tube for the gas outlet, and an inlet tube of copper or platinum for the fluorine as shown in Fig. 18. The inlet tube, which is sealed into the glass with red sealing wax, dips from 0.5 to 2 cm. into the alkali solution. The fluorine is passed directly from the generator into the inlet tube at the rate of from 1 to 3 1. per hour. If the fluorine is first condensed with liquid air, the yield is said to be very small.2 To the exit tube are attached first a gas wash bottle filled with water, (see Fig. 19) then a trap cooled with a solid carbon dioxide-alcohol mixture, and finally another trap cooled with liquid air. The OF2 is freed from any fluorine in the wash bottle, and the water vapor is frozen out in the first trap. The OF2—02 mixture condenses to a pale-yellow liquid in the... 

The home-made heat-flow calorimeter used consisted of a high vacuum line for adsorption measurements applying the volumetric method. This equipment comprised of a Pyrex glass, vacuum system including a sample holder, a dead volume, a dose volume, a U-tube manometer, and a thermostat (Figure 6.3). In the sample holder, the adsorbent (thermostated with 0.1% of temperature fluctuation) is in contact with a chromel-alumel thermocouple included in an amplifier circuit (amplification factor 10), and connected with an x-y plotter [3,31,34,49], The calibration of the calorimeter, that is, the determination of the constant, k, was performed using the data reported in the literature for the adsorption of NH3 at 300 K in a Na-X zeolite [51]. 

The gas reactants and products of the reaction were studied with a mass spectrometer and the solid reaction of the oxidation of iron was studied with Mossbauer spectrometry with electron diffraction. The Mossbauer study of the oxidized iron powder was carried out in a constant acceleration equipment [121], The electron diffraction study of the oxidized iron film, evaporated over a carbon covered transmission electron microscopy sample holder and introduced into the 5L spherical Pyrex glass container, where the Fe evaporation takes place, was carried out with the help of an Hitachi 100C transmission electron microscope [119],... 

Exposure of Bleached Pulp. Bleached pulp, based on 50% hardwood and 50% softwood kraft, jordaned to a Canadian standard freeness of 300-350 mL, was kindly supplied by Andrew Chase of the University of Maine. Unaged handsheets made from this pulp contained 85% a-cellulose (3) and 5% hot-1%-alkali-soluble matter (4). In the experiment illustrated in Figure 1, sheets were exposed in the Atlas 6500-W xenon-arc Fade-ometer equipped with Pyrex-glass filters the air temperature was 31 °C, and the relative humidity was 27% the black-panel temperature was 65 °C. Halfway through the reported period of... 

Procedure. Acetate buffer (450 p. ), DNA (100 /u.1), KI (100 /xl), and HjO (150 /Lil), are added to a 12 x 125 mm Pyrex glass test tube, which is then sealed with a 13 x 20 mm serum bottle stopper. All further additions and withdrawals are made through this stopper by means of hypodermic syringes equipped with a 25-gauge needle 5 ml of air are withdrawn, and... 

The apparatus that is used for the dehydrobromination of SFjCH CHBr consists of a 250-mL three-necked round-bottomed Pyrex glass vessel, equipped with a Teflon stirring bar, an addition funnel (125 mL), a nitrogen... 

Ethylene epoxidation reaction experiments over all studied catalysts were conducted in a differential flow reacfor, which was operafed at a constant pressure of 3.6 MPa and different reaction temperatures. The tubular reactor having 10-mm internal diameter was placed in a furnace equipped wifh a temperafure confroller. T)q)ically, 30 mg of a catalysf sample was placed inside the Pyrex tube reactor and secured with Pyrex glass wool plugs. The packed catalyst was initially pretreated... 

Isopropanol dehydration over AI2O3 calcined at different temperatures was studied in a pyrex glass steady state system. The fixed bed (50 mg) tubular reactor was operated at differential regime (% conversion<10), in the 423temperature range and atmospheric pressure. The feed was composed of a N2 (Praxair) stream saturated with isopropanol at room temperature. The analysis of effluents from the reactor was carried out by gas chromatography with a Gow-Mac Series 750 apparatus equipped with a thermal conductivity detector and a Porapak Q packed column. 

Oxidation procedure. Alkene oxidation was carried out in a thermostated 20 ml Pyrex-glass reactor equipped with a stirring bar and a reflux condenser. Isobutyraldehyde was added to a solution of alkene (0.1 M) in a solvent (3 ml) containing a catalyst, and the reaction mixture was vigorously stirred. 

The transition metal ion-containing films were prepared carefully by ion-exchange as described elsewhere (10-16). These films were mounted in appropriate stainless steel or pyrex glass reactors/spectroscopic cells. Both reactors, described in detail elsewhere, had infrared (KBr) or uv-vis (quartz) transmitting windows for spectroscopic studies. They were equipped with vacuum valves for evacuation and gas admission, a heating system and a temperature monitor. 

All the reactions are performed under an atmosphere of dry nitrogen, free of oxygen Pyrex glass and standard ground joints are used. The equipment in... 

The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is constructed from Pyrex glass and attached to a standard vacuum system equipped with a mechanical oil pump and mercury vapor diffusion pump. A detachable trap cooled in liquid nitrogen is inserted between the apparatus and the vacuum system so that any volatile condensible material escaping from the reactors during the experiment can be collected and weighed. 

The reaction is preferably carried out in a 1-1.5-L Pyrex glass photochemical reactor with a water-cooled well for the light source, shown in Fig. 1. The reactor is equipped with a Rotaflo or similar Teflon-needle glass valve. The reactor is connected to an all-metal vacuum line schematically shown in... 

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