Putamen disorders

As noted earlier, several neurological disorders that involve the basal ganglia (e.g., caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen) also manifest OCD symptoms ( 188). They include such varied conditions as... 

Nigrostriatal Substantia nigra (A9 area) Caudate nucleus Putamen Extrapyramidal system, movement Movement disorders... 

Dysfunction in dopaminergic neurotransmission in the caudate and putamen is related to the abnormal movements and postures. PET studies of Rett patients with C-methylspiperone showed low or normal values of receptor density of postsynaptic D2-like dopamine receptors in the caudate of persons with Rett disorder. Other researchers using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) after administration of [ Ijiodolisuride found increased binding of the radiotracer to the D2-dopamine receptors, indicating an increase in receptor availability. 

Russell, V., VUliers, A.D., Sagvolden,T., Lamm, M., and Tal-jaard, J. (1995) Altered Dopaminergic Function in the Prefrontal Cortex, Nucleus Accumbens and Caudate Putamen of an Animal Model of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder—The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat, Brain Res. 676, 343-351. 

H NMR spectroscopic imaging has been used to examine metabolite levels in the brains of 17 patients with first episode mood disorders with psychotic symptoms. Measurements of NAA, Cho and tCr were made in the hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, occipital cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate, centrum semiovale, prefrontal white matter, thalamus and putamen. The ratio of NAA/Cho was significantly lower in patients compared to controls. Intracellular metabolites have been measured with NMR in 8 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Increased Glx in both frontal areas, and increased NAA and Cho in the right frontal area were measured in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subjects. 

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