Purkinje cells immunoreactivities

Polyclonal antibodies which recognize domains of the y82 adrenergic receptor other than the NA-binding site, immunoreact with distal segments and dendritic spines of rat Purkinje cells. Immunoreactivity is present throughout the dendritic cytoplasm and accumulates at the dendritic membrane, opposite synaptic clefts (Strader et al.,... 

Maeshima T, Shutoh F, Hamada S, et al. Serotonin 2A receptor-like immunoreactivity in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells. Neurosci Lett 1998 252 72-74. 

The expression of onconeural antigens is highly restricted in some instances. Recoverin is found in the retinal cells only, and cdr2 expression is restricted to the Purkinje cells and brain stem. Other antigens such as Nova are widely distributed in the CNS, whereas the HuD and CRMP-5 antigens are expressed by neurons of both the CNS and the peripheral nervous system. The extensive immunoreactivity is reflected by the heterogenous clinical manifestations in patients with Ri, CRMP-5, Hu, and amphiphysin antibodies [15,29, 30]. 

Gottlieb, 1988), immunoreacted with axon terminals of Purkinje cells, but poorly im-munostained the perikarya of Purkinje cells (Kaufman et al., 1991). 

Chan-Palay et al. (1981) found eoexistence of GAD and motilin in 10-20% of the Purkinje cells of the rat. The presenee of motilin in Purkinje cells has, however, been disputed by Lange (1986), who was unable to demonstrate the presence of motilin using radioimmuno-assay and reversed phase HPLC in extracts of rat cerebellum. Only one of Lange s anti-motilin antibodies, all of which had been demonstrated to be effective in demonstrating motilin-like immunoreactivity in rat duodenum, was found to im-munoreaet with Purkinje cells in immunocytochemical studies with rat cerebellum. 

Following hypo-osmotic stress there is a transient shift of taurine from the Purkinje cells to the Bergmann glial compartment, where taurine-immunoreactivity now becomes apparent (Nagelhus et al., 1993). 

Fig. 19. Schematic illustration of the zonal distribution of somatostatin immunoreactive Purkinje cells at different levels of the cerebellum of a 21 day old rat. Drawings have been made from frontal, cresyl-violet stained sections. Each dot represents 2-5 cells. Abbreviations 5-9, cerebellar lobules V-IX 4V, 4th ventricle COP, copula pyramis CR2, crus 2, ansiform lobule FL, flocculus PFL, paraflocculus PM, primary fissure SF, secondary fissure. Villar et al. (1989).

Fig. 20. Examples of soraatostatin-immunoreactive elements in the cerebellar cortex of the paraflocculus of adult colchicine treated rats. Patch of Purkinje cells and an immunostained Golgi cell (arrow head) are present in this section. Somatostatin-immunoreactive climbing fibers are observed. Calibration bar 50 jim. Villar et al. (1989).

Fig. 21. IP,-3-kinase immunoreactivity in the rat cerebellum. Electron micrograph showing intense im-munoreactivity in the dendritic spines of Purkinje cells. Bar 2 /rm. Yamada et al. (1992).

Fig. 22. Localization of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor with PCD6 antibody in frozen sections of rat cerebellum by immunofluorescence. Sagittal section of the cerebellar cortex. Small arrows in the granule cell layer (GL) point to segments of immunoreactive axons which represent recurrent collaterals of Purkinje cell axons. Mignery et al. (1989).

The localization of the IP, receptor has been compared to the localization of other luminal or membrane components of the endoplasmatic reticulum related to Ca "" homeostasis. The membrane pump Ca -ATPase, immunolabelled with antibodies against cardiac Ca -ATPase, was found to be located in regular cisternae of the endoplasmatic reticulum, the lateral tips of cisternae of the Golgi complex and in calciosomes of Purkinje cells (Kaprielian, 1989 Michelangeli et al., 1991 Villa et al., 1991 Takei et al., 1992) (Fig. 27). Distal axons of Purkinje cells, however, lacked Ca "-ATPase im-munoreactivity (Takei et al., 1992). Appreciable levels of calsequestrin, the main intraluminal calcium-binding protein of muscle, were present in Purkinje cells of the chicken. Calsequestrin-immunoreactivity was present over the lumen (Villa et al., 1991) and membranes (Takei et al., 1992) of stacked and isolated cisternae of the endoplasmatic reticulum and in a subpopulation of calciosomes (Volpe et al., 1988 Volpe and Villa,... 

Fig. 30. A. Frontal section through the cerebellum and attached brainstem of an adult rat. All the Purkinje cells are stained by cyclic 3, 5 -guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (cGK) antiserum, including their dendrites in the molecular layer and their axon terminals in the deep nuclei and in the brainstem (arrow). Bar = 1 mm. B. Higher magnification of the neurons indicated by an arrow head in A. Like a few other isolated labelled cells found in variable locations, these cells are considered as ectopic Purkinje cells. Bar = 50 /tm. C. cGK immunoreactive neuron in the cerebellum of I day-old rat. This ectopic Purkinje cell is located in the white matter and its appearance mimics that of 1-day-old Purkinje cells as visualized in Golgi impregnated material. Bar = 25 /tm. Wassef and Sotelo (1984).

Calmodulin-immunoreactivity was observed both in Purkinje cells and in cells of the cerebellar nuclei of the rat (Lin et al., 1980 Means and Dedman, 1980 Seto-Oshima et al., 1983, 1984). During postnatal development calmodulin-immunoreactivity was transiently present in the inner part of the external germinative layer and in fibers in the white matter of P3-P11 rat pups (Seto-Oshima et al., 1984). 

Fig. 31. A. Calbindin-D28k immunoreactivity. B. Parvalbumin-immunoreactivity in rat cerebellar cortex. Purkinje cells react with both antibodies arrows in B indicate parvalbumin- immunoreactive stellate and basket cells. Bar = 50 gm. Courtesy of Dr. M.P.A. Schalekamp.

A developmentally regulated polypeptide (PEP-19), that is a presumptive neuron-specific calcium binding protein, was identified in adult and neonatal rat cerebellum and its amino acid sequence was determined (Ziai et al., 1986). PEP-19-like immunoreactivity is expressed by Purkinje cells and by the cartwheel cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the mouse (Mugnaini et al., 1987). Berrebi et al. (1991) drew attention to the expression of PEP-19, CaBP and other Purkinje cell markers (cerebellin, L7 see below) by bipolar cells and other neurons of the retina. 

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