Pure elements price

TableG.T. Prices of pure elements, metals and some alloys (2006) ...

Sepa.ra.tion of Plutonium. The principal problem in the purification of metallic plutonium is the separation of a small amount of plutonium (ca 200—900 ppm) from large amounts of uranium, which contain intensely radioactive fission products. The plutonium yield or recovery must be high and the plutonium relatively pure with respect to fission products and light elements, such as lithium, beryUium, or boron. The purity required depends on the intended use for the plutonium. The high yield requirement is imposed by the price or value of the metal and by industrial health considerations, which require extremely low effluent concentrations. 

About 80-90% of the elemental P produced is reoxidized to (pure) phosphoric acid (p. 521). The rest is used to make phosphorus oxides (p. 503). sulfides (p. 506), phosphorus chlorides and oxochloride (p. 4%). and organic P compounds. A small amount is convened to red phos rftorus (see below) for use in the striking surface of matches for pyrotechnics and as a flame retarding agent (in polyamides). Bulk price for P4 is S2.00/kg. 

In the large scale application of rare earth elenents as in the steel industry, in catalysts and in the polishing of glass, in general, the naturally occurring mixtures or concentrates are utilized. While with phosphors and electronic applications pure products with much higher prices are used. Therefore, the application of the rare earth elements requires careful consideration and close cooperation between producers and users so that the optimum between desired effects, purity and production costs can be found for each specific application. 

Recovered elemental sulfur is one of the purest bulk commodities available on the market today. Typical analyses quoted for bulk shipments are 99.95% purity with ash, carbon and other contaminant levels in the 10 - 100 ppm range. This is a remarkably pure bulk commodity for a 5d/lb price. What them remains to be developed by way of improvement of product quality ... 

U.S. pennies have been composed of copper and zinc since 1959, but the ratio of copper to zinc has changed over the years because of increases in the price of copper. Copper and zinc are both metallic elements and they share many physical properties, but they have different densities. Pure copper has a density of 9.0 g/mL, while pure zinc has a density of 7.1 g/mL. By measuring the density of pennies from different years, it s possible to track changes in the composition of the penny. 

Inexpensive silicon diodes or photocells are often used in lower priced instruments. These consist of a chip of pure silicon doped with a specific element in which a photon striking it causes an electric impulse (current), which is amplified for readout. Diodes are prepared to be sensitive to specific colors of light. 

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