Pulping of wood

T. I. Obiaga, "Lignin Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution during Alkaline Pulping of Wood," Ph.D. thesis. University of Toronto, Canada, 1972. 

Figure 2.8 a- and fi-pinene obtained as by-products from the pulping of wood. 

Chemical pulping of wood is commonly carried out according to the Kraft (sulfate) or sulfite processes [13]. These methods are described in the following subsections. 

Sarkanen and C. H. Ludwig, eds.), pp. 165-240. Wiley (Interscience), New York. Obiaga, T. I. (1972). Lignin molecular weight and molecular weight distribution during alkaline pulping of wood. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto. 

There have been many investigations on the oxidation of sodium hydroxide-alkalized cellulose for the preparation of rayon and lacquers, for the oxygen bleaching of fiber, and for the oxygen pulping of wood chips. 

Davies JL, Nakatsubo F, Murakami K, Umezawa T (1987) Organic acid pulping of wood IV Reactions of arylglycerol fi guaiacyl ethers Mokuzai Gakkaishi 33 478-486 Deobald LA, Crawford DL (1987) Activities of cellulase and other extracellular enzymes during lignin solubilization by Streptomyces vindosporus Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 26 158-163... 

Davies JL, Nakatsubo F, Murakami K, Umezawa T (1987) Organic acid pulping of wood. IV. 

Janes, R. L. in Pulp and Paper Manufacture. The Pulping of Wood ... 

The crude sodium hydroxide solution is about 12% by weight, commercially acceptable if used nearby. This could be for the chemical pulping of wood, or for soap-making applications. The crude product will contain 2-3% impurities, mainly sodium carbonate with traces of sodium chloride. 

Gardner JAF and Hillis WE (1962) The influence of extractives on the pulping of wood. In Hillis WE (ed), Wood extractives and their significance to the pulp and paper industries. Academic Press, New York, 367-403... 

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