Pulmonary agents vapors

Depending on the concentration of agent vapor, the effects begin to appear 1-2 minutes after initial exposure. Pulmonary edema caused by inhalation of metal carbonyls may be delayed for several hours. 

Due to the volatile nature of most pulmonary agents, there is minimal extended risk except in an enclosed or confined space. Vapors have a density greater than air and tend to collect in low places. Solids that are dispersed as aerosols have little or no vapor pressure. Once the aerosols settle, there is minimal extended hazard from the agents unless the dust is resuspended. 

Tissue damage occurs within minutes of exposure to Nitrogen Vesicants, but clinical effects may not appear for up fo 24 hours. Eye irrifafion may develop immediafely Pulmonary edema caused by inhalafion of the agent vapor may be delayed for several hours. 

Impairment of breathing is an early effect of exposure to nerve agent vapor or aerosol. When the exposure is small, the casualty may have mild to severe dyspnea, with corresponding physical findings, and the impairment will be reversed by the administration of atropine. If the distress is severe and the casualty is elderly or has pulmonary or cardiac disease, the antidote may be supplemented by providing oxygen by inhalation. In most other circumstances, supplementation with oxygen is unnecessary. 

After exposure to chemical agent vapor, the most important aspect of care is for the soldier to don his mask immediately to prevent further exposure. If the soldier is symptomatic from nerve agent exposure, he should immediately administer the contents of one MARK I kit to himself and notify his buddy of the exposure. For other agents (vesicants, cyanide, and pulmonary agents) there is no self-aid or first-aid therapy. 

Si, and stannic tetrachloride. An effective smoke agent, whether it be mechanically dispersed from an aircraft spray tank or vaporized thermally, is a mixt of S trioxide and chlorosulfonic acid (FS smoke agent) which upon hydrolysis forms sulfuric and hydrochloric acid dispersions. Of course, all such formulations are highly corrosive, and, if not outright toxic, then conducive to pulmonary edema... 

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