Pt ii

The trend in liver retention (not Illustrated) does not show the pronounced uptake for trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] as in the kidney. Thus, the chemlcal-blogical processes leading to tissue retention (and perhaps organ toxicity) appear quite different for the liver V8 kidney. In this context, it is worthwhile to note that while uptake of cis-[Pt(NH3)2CI2] in the kidney can lead to nephrotoxicity, reports of hepatotoxicity associated with cis-[Pt(NH3)2CI2] chemotherapy are rare. 

ACS Symposium Series American Chemical Society Washington, DC, 1980. 

It is noteworthy that J s-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] and K[Pt(NH3)Cl3), the two antitumor active complexes (% T/C 50), are also the two most mutagenic species as determined by the Ames and CHO/HGPRT test systems (27). The complexes are similar in that (a) through aquation the [Pt(NH3)Cl3] Ion can become a neutral molecule, cts-[Pt(NH3)(H20)Cl2] , and (b) both possess cis-reactive groups. Two Important criteria for antitumor activity to be exhibited are that complexes should be neutral and possess ois-reactlve groups. 

Toxicity. Acute toxicity and antitumor activity data for the chloroammineplatlnum(II) complexes is tabulated in Table VIII. 

There is no evidence for the formation of more than four bonds (which are coplanar) except in the cases noted on pp. 980 and 981. As in the case of Pt(iv) (p. 983) the formulae of certain compounds suggest other coordination numbers, but structural studies have confirmed 4-coordinatlon. In [Pt(acac)2Cl] (a), 5-coordination is avoided by coordination to C, and an X-ray study of the compound originally formulated as [Pt(NH3)4(CH3CN)2]Cl2. H2O shows that 

Although three isomers are theoretically possible, all the compounds in which L is one of the ligands listed above and X is a halogen are known in one form only, the trans isomer I, as shown by dipole moments. 

The bridge between the metal atoms may also be formed by 

Two isomers of the ethyl-thiol compound (Pr3P)2Pt2(SR)2Cl2 have been isolated, with dipole moments 10-3 D (stable form) and zero, from which it follows that the stable form is the cis isomer IV and the labile isomer 

X-ray examination of the two isomers of Pt2Cl2(SCN)2(Pr3P)2 shows that they have the structures VI and VII  

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Acetyl chlotide is reduced by vatious organometaUic compounds, eg, LiAlH (18). / fZ-Butyl alcohol lessens the activity of LiAlH to form lithium tti-/-butoxyalumium hydtide [17476-04-9] C22H2gA102Li, which can convert acetyl chlotide to acetaldehyde [75-07-0] (19). Triphenyl tin hydtide also reduces acetyl chlotide (20). Acetyl chlotide in the presence of Pt(II) or Rh(I) complexes, can cleave tetrahydrofuran [109-99-9] C HgO, to form chlorobutyl acetate [13398-04-4] in about 72% yield (21). Although catalytic hydrogenation of acetyl chlotide in the Rosenmund reaction is not very satisfactory, it is catalyticaHy possible to reduce acetic anhydride to ethylidene diacetate [542-10-9] in the presence of acetyl chlotide over palladium complexes (22). Rhodium trichloride, methyl iodide, and ttiphenylphosphine combine into a complex that is active in reducing acetyl chlotide (23). 

PtCl2, and platiaum tetrachloride [37773-49-2]. Platiaum dichloride exists in an a- and P-form, the latter containing a Pt core and edge-bridging chlorides. Platinum trichloride [25909-39-1], PtCl, contains Pt(II) and Pt(IV) centers. Other haHdes include two bromides, PtBr2 [13455-12-4] and PtBr ... 

Miscellaneous. Chloroplatinic acid is used in the production of automobile catalysts. Platino-type prints based on reduction of Pt(II) to Pt(0) by a photosensitive reducing agent such as iron(III) oxalate are used in art photography (261,262). Infrared imaging devices based on a platinum siLicide detector have been developed (263). 

A number of catalysts of Pd(II), Pt(II), Rh(I), and Ir(I) induce rearrangements of 0-a11y1ic-.9-methy1 dithiocarbonates at 25°C (45). In a relatively low temperature procedure, olefins readily form from certain classes of xanthate esters (46) ... 

The most important reaction with Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride etherate is polymerization (Scheme 30) (72MI50601). Other Lewis acids have been used SnCL, Bu 2A1C1, Bu sAl, Et2Zn, SO3, PFs, TiCU, AICI3, Pd(II) and Pt(II) salts. Trialkylaluminum, dialkylzinc and other alkyl metal initiators may partially hydrolyze to catalyze the polymerization by an anionic mechanism rather than the cationic one illustrated in Scheme 30. Cyclic dimers and trimers are often products of cationic polymerization reactions, and desulfurization of the monomer may occur. Polymerization of optically active thiiranes yields optically active polymers (75MI50600). 

The purpose of the researeh - ereation of a photometrie teehnique of definition of Pt(II) at the presenee of a Pd(II) and Rh(III) with the help 3,5-di-Br-PADAPH - 2-(3, 5 -dibromo-2 -pyridilazo)-5-diethylaminophenol - the most perspeetive reagent from analogues of PAR-s. 

Full eomplexation with Pt(II) is reaehed at the presenee of an aseorbie aeid (optimum 4 mg/em ) during 10-15 min at 65 5°C. At these eonditions eomplexes of Pd lose stability and within a day there is their full destmetion aeeompanying with deeolouration of solutions. That makes possible definition of a Pd and Pt at joint presenee, ineluding at H SO media. 

Method of Rh(III) - Ru(III) separation and isolation them from rai e and nonferrous metals based on formation of different charged complexes with varied stability has been proposed. Possibility of sepai ation of Ru(III), Rh(III), Pd(II), Pt(II) by water-soluble extractants from concentrated thiocyanate solutions has been displayed. Accelerated procedures of extraction-photometric determination of Rh(III), Ru(III) in solutions and waste products, which ai e chai acterized by high selectivity, availability, usage of non-toxic extractants have been worked out. 

A number of tertiary phosphine complexes with bulky ligands (Figure 3.80) have modified square pyramidal structures, examples being M(I)3Br2, Pt(II)3Br2 and Pd(III)3Br2 (all X-ray) [136]. 

C8. Costello, C. P., and Adams, J. M., Burnout heat fluxes in pool boiling at high accelerations, Intern. Develop. Heat Transfer Pt. II, Paper No. 30. ASME (1961). 

The sites for complex formation in DMSO with inorganic salts depend remarkably on the nature of the metals involved in the salts. The alkali or alkali earth metallic salts form a complex with the oxygen atom in DMSO while Pd(II) or Pt(II) associates strongly at the sulphur atom. The IR frequency of the S—O bond of DMSO shifts to even lower wave numbers when associated with such metal cations as Li+, Na+ or Ca+ +34. On the other hand, in the case of Pd(II) or Pt(II), the S—O frequency appears at higher wave numbers, at around llOO-llAOcm 135. These different shifts for the S—O frequency afford a convenient diagnosis to determine whether the cation associates with the oxygen or the sulphur atom in DMSO. 

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