Psychomotoric system

Controls and displays play a critical part in the two-way communication which is essential if there is to be effective use by persons of VDUs, machinery, tools and equipment. The interaction involves perception cognition (processing the information) decision making and action or response, usually through the psychomotor system, i.e. brain-nerves-muscles . 

Generally affect the central nervous system, resulting in psychomotor retardation and other features... 

Sacktor N, Skolasky RE, Tarwater PM, McArthur JC, Seines OA, Becker J, Cohen B, Visscher B, Miller EN (2003) Response to systemic HIV viral load suppression correlates with psychomotor speed performance. Neurology 61(4) 567-569... 

Waddington, JL (1989) Functional interactions between Di and D2 dopamine receptor systems their role in the regulation of psychomotor behaviour, putative mechanisms and clinical relevance. J. Psychopharm. 3 54-63. 

Both amphetamine and cocaine have also been reported to support intracranial self-administration in the mesolimbic/mesocortical dopaminergic system. Rats will self-administer cocaine into the medial prefrontal cortex (Goeders and Smith 1983). while amphetamine is self-administered into the orbitofrontal cortex of rhesus monkeys (Phillips and Rolls 1981) and the nucleus accumbens of rats (Hoebel et al. 1983 Monaco et al. 1981). These data indicate that the mesolimbic/mesocortical dopaminergic system is involved in the initiation of stimulant reinforcement processes, and this work suggests that the region of the nucleus accumbens, more specifically the mesolimbic dopamine system, may be an important substrate for reinforcing properties of several psychomotor stimulant drugs. 

The motor activation produced by psychomotor stimulants has been long associated with the midbrain dopamine systems. While focused stereotyped behavior produced by high doses of indirect sympathomimetics is blocked by removal of dopamine terminals in the corpus striatum (Creese and Iversen 1975), the locomotor activation produced by low doses of indirect sympathomimetics is blocked by removal of dopamine terminals in the region of the nucleus accumbens (Kelly et al. 1975). This dopaminergic substrate for psychostimulant effects appears selective for the indirect sympathomimetics in that dopamine lesions to the region of the nucleus... 

In view of this neurotoxicity, we will review some data relevant to this process. First, we will review data showing that methamphetamine (METH), a prototypic psychomotor stimulant, which has been widely used for nonmedical purposes at doses often a good deal higher than therapeutie doses, is neurotoxic to dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HI)) systems. Second, we will examine the evidence that other substituted phenethylamines are also neurotoxic to certain transmitter systems. Last, we will examine the behavioral and pharmacological consequences of neurotoxicity that result from exposure to some of these amphetamine-related drugs. 

The most common side effects associated with benzodiazepine therapy include central nervous system (CNS) depressive effects (e.g., drowsiness, sedation, psychomotor... 

Endogenous opioid systems are an integral part of the reward circuitry 916 PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS 916... 

The LCso for rats was 8000 ppm for a 4-hour exposure. The LCso for mice was 2 040 ppm for a 7-hour exposure the effect was central nervous system depression. A 20-minute exposure to concentrations ranging from 2000 to 8000 ppm caused neurobehav-ioral effects in mice including gait disturbances, impaired psychomotor coordination, decreased arousal and rearing, and changes in posture. ... 

Halothane is used as a clinical anesthetic, and all levels of central nervous system depression can be expected, including amnesia, analgesia, anesthesia, and respiratory depression. Levels ranging from 5000 to 3 0,000 ppm can induce anesthesia, whereas 5000-15,000ppm can maintain it. A 30-minute exposure to 4000 ppm caused amnesia and impairment of manual dexterity, whereas similar exposure to 1000 ppm did not alter the outcome on various psychomotor tests. ... 

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