Pseudomonas aeruginosa operators

Outbreaks of disease have been caused by those with artificial fingernails. In 2004 there was an outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae among premature babies in a US intensive care unit, caused by bacteria from a nurse s artificial nails. A few years previously it was Pseudomonas aeruginosa that threatened several newborn babies in a New York hospital and this was traced to the same cause. In Canada three patients who had had surgery on their spinal cord developed Candida infections of the spinal disks and this was traced to an operating theatre technician who had artificial nails. An intensive care unit in Oklahoma City saw 16 patients die as a result of contracting Pseudomonas aeruginosa from two nurses who had artificial nails. Thankfully such outbreaks are now extremely rare. 

Table 5 shows the partition coefficient of some common aliphatic carboxylic acids produced from fermentation.32 Aromatic carboxylic acids are not produced from fermentation because they are rarely formed by microorganisms. One noteworthy exception is the production of salicylic acid formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa from naphthalene through biotransformation.1 The extraction of salicylic acid with and without amine in xylene was reviewed by Schiigerl1 in detail including equipment and operational parameters. 

The space between the inner and outer membrane, which becomes visible during plasmolysis, may be correlated to what is operationally defined as the periplasmic space. This space appears to contain a number of degradative enzymes, as well as transport proteins that can be selectively released by sudden exposure of the cells to media of low osmotic strength prior to the osmotic shock, the cells are exposed to concentrations of sucrose comparable to those found to plasmolyze most of the cells in cultures of E. coli. A precise morphological localization of the periplasmic enzymes has proven to be difficult. For example, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cheng et al found that alkaline phosphatase can be associated with either the inner or outer membrane, depending on the experimental conditions. 

This interesting work implies the operation of a mechanism of oxidation of intermediate chain length hydrocarbons different from the oxidation of the short-chain (Leadbetter and Foster, 1960) and the long-chain (Stewart et al., 1959) hydrocarbons, and, as well, from the oxidation of 7i-octane (Gholson and Coon, 1960). It is well to remember that different organisms were employed in the different studies. The presumed product of the dehydrogenation is heptene-1, but its formation and transformation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa has not yet been demonstrated. Since simultaneous adaptation studies have implicated 1 -heptanol as an intermediate in heptane oxidation by this bacterium (Azoulay and Senez, 1960), the pathway of conversion of the 1-olefin to 1-heptanol will have to involve a novel mechanism. 

---