Proteus antimicrobials effective against

Some empirical uses of S. sclarea suggest that its essential oil, like many essential oils of the Lamiaceae family, has an inhibitory effect on microorganisms pathogenic to man. Ulubelen et al. [51] examined the antimicrobial activity of some diterpenes and sesquiterpenes found in an acetone extract of S. sclarea. They found that 2, 3-dehydrosalvipisone, sclareol, manool, 7-oxoroyleanone, spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide were active against Staphylococcus aureus 2, 3- dehydrosalvipisone and manool were active against Candida albicans and caryophyllene oxide was active against Proteus mirabilis. 

Tested with a variety of antimicrobial drugs, reishi showed antagonistic activity with ampicillin and cefazo-lin against Proteus vulgaris, but no antagonistic effects were observed with the drugs oxytetracycline or chloramphenicol, or in tested species of Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, or Salmonella (Yoon et al. 1994). 

Other reported activities include claims of hypoglycemic activity of leaf extracts and stevioside in animals or humans however, follow-up studies have failed to support a hypoglycemic effect. Weak antimicrobial activity of unidentified fractions has been reported against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris ... 

Many examples have been reported on the biosurfactants potential as anti-adhesive coatings. The amount of biofilm formed by Salmonella typhimurium. Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis in vinyl urethral catheters coated with surfactin was reduced as compared to the uncoated controls [124], Also, biosurfactants from probiotic lactobacilli successfully prevented the adhesion of uropatho-gens, and subsequent urogenital infections [19-21, 125], Biosurfactants from lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus ther-mophilus A and Lactococcus lactis 53) were effectively used to avoid microbial colonization of silicone rubber voice prosthe-ses, thus their premature failure [26,27]. These bacterial [22] and Lactobacillus paracasei [126] biosurfactants were found to possess antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activity against... 

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