Proteomics ELISA

Woodbury, R.L., Varnum, S.M., and Zanger, R.C., Elevated HGF levels in sera from breast cancer patients detected using a protein microarray ELISA, /. Proteome Res., 1, 233-237, 2002. 

There are several important advantages RPMAs have over antibody arrays and other proteomic techniques such as immunohis-tochemistry or tissue arrays. Antibody arrays usually require a second specific antibody, made in a different species, for each captured protein to be visualized in a manner analogous to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Therefore, it becomes difficult to simultaneously optimize the antibody-antigen hybridization conditions for so many antibodies at once present on antibody arrays while minimizing nonspecific cross-reactivity and ensuring that proteins over a wide range of concentrations can be quantitated in a linear fashion (14). Antibody arrays also consume or require much higher inputs of protein than reverse phase arrays. With antibody arrays. 

As it has been shown for two examples in this chapter, proteomic techniques, and specially electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, can now be applied routinely to the characterization of biopharmaceuticals. These techniques together with quantitative immunoassays (ILA or ELISA) can be... 

Accurate modeling of microbial solubilization of lignocellulose will be dependent on knowledge of the dynamics of microbial cell concentration over the course of bioconversion. While measurement of cell concentrations distinct from the concentration of substrate is trivial for soluble substrates, it is a substantial and not-yet-resolved challenge for fermentation of particulate substrates based on plant cell walls. Cell measurement has been approached on the basis of elemental composition (pellet nitrogen, [25]), concentration of cellular macromolecules (total protein [26] or DNA via quantitative PCR [27]), and estimated by indirect methods, such as off-gas analysis [25] and detection of enzymes (ELISA assays [28]). Future efforts using quantitative proteomics approaches also hold promise. 

In quantitative proteomics studies, the most frequently employed method is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [88]. This sensitive and reliable, competition-based color reaction approach is widely used both in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics [89-91]. 

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