Proteinuria, pathological

Proteinuria, the excretion of large amounts of proteins into the urine, is often considered to be an indication of pathological event of the kidney because mammals only excrete small amounts of proteins into the urine under physiological conditions... 

Although proteinuria is often considered to be a pathological event, we demonstrated that this is not the case for the domestic cat. Male cat urine contains a large amount of the mammalian carboxylesterase family member termed cauxin. Cauxin is excreted in a species-, sex-, and age-dependent manner and regulates the production of felinine, a putative pheromone precursor. This finding provides an example of a previously unknown type of proteinuria involved in chemical communication. 

Minimal change disease is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, presenting typically with rapid onset of mostly steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, usually with selective proteinuria (albuminuria). Light-microscopic morphology of the kidney is normal and immunofluorescence is negative. Foot process effacement on electron microscopy is the only observed pathology. 

Experimental exposiue of neomycin in calves has reported both nephrotoxicity and ototocity (demonstrated clinically). The clinical pathological observations included granular casts in urine, proteinuria and low specific gravity, azotemia, decreased creatinine clearance, polyuria, and polydipsia. The histopathological findings included renal tubular epithelial degeneration and necrosis (Crowell et al, 1981). 

Tetracyclines have been reported to cause toxicity and kidneys are the primary organs. Renal tubular necrosis is the common pathological finding. Animals with renal toxicity will show ohguria, marked azotemia, moderate proteinuria, and tubular casts in urinary sediment with an inability to concentrate urine (Lairmore et al, 1984). 

Stewart W, Guirgis H, Sanderson J, et al. 1977. Urinary mercury excretion and proteinuria in pathology laboratory staff. Br J Ind Med 34 26-31. 

Williams PS, Pass G, Bone JM. Renal pathology and proteinuria determine progression in untreated mild/moderate chronic renal failure. Q J Med 1988 67 343-54. 

Analyzing 112 cases of pathological proteinuria with ImEl, Patte et al. (PI) stress the point that the use of an antinormal human serum, previously absorbed by the proteins of the urine, greatly facilitates the qualitative study of the proteinurias it reduces the diflficulty due to the quantitative variation in the excretion of each protein fraction from one subject to the other. They detected in normal urine, the p-group, al-... 

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