Proteins lipase-related

The pancreas produces several lipases, the classical lipase (pancreatic lipase, PL) and the pancreatic lipase-related proteins 1 (PLRP1) and 2 (PLRP2). In addition there is a protein named colipase, which is necessary for the activity of PL. PLRP1 seems to be devoid of lipase activity, while PLRP2... 

Perez de la Cruz Moreno M, Oth M, Deferme S, Lammert F, Tack J, Dressman J and Augustijns P (2006) Characterization of fasted-state human intestinal fluids collected from duodenum and jejunum. J Pharm Pharmacol 58(8) 1079-1089 Reboul E, Berton A, Moussa M, Kreuzer C, Crenon I and Borel P (2006) Pancreatic lipase and pancreatic lipase-related protein 2, but not pancreatic lipase-related protein 1, hydrolyze retinyl palmitate in physiological conditions. Biochim Biophys Acta 1761(1 ) 4—10 Scheele G, Bartelt D and Biegzr W (1981) Characterisation of human exocrine pancreatic proteins. Gastroent 80(3) 461 473... 

De Caro, J., Carriere, F., Barboni, P., Gil-LER, T, Verger, R. and de Caro, A. (1998) Pancreatic lipase-related protein 1 (PLRPl) is present in the pancreatic juice of several species. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1387, 331-341. 

Gili.er, T, Buchwald, P., Blum-Kaelin, D. and Hunziker, W. (1992) Two novel human pancreatic lipase related proteins, hPLRPl and hPLRP2. Differences in colipase dependence and in lipase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 16509-16516. 

Lowe, M.E. (2000) Properties and function of pancreatic lipase related protein 2. Bio-chimie 82, 997—1004. 

Roussel, A., Yang, Y, Ferrato, F., Verger, R., Cambillau, C. and Lowe, M. (1998b) Structure and activity of rat pancreatic lipase-related protein 2. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 32121-32128. 

VLDLs, IDLs, and LDLs are closely related to one another. VLDLs formed in the liver (see p. 312) transport triacylglycerols, cholesterol, and phospholipids to other tissues. Like chylomicrons, they are gradually converted into IDL and LDL under the influence of lipoprotein lipase [1]. This process is also stimulated by HDL. Cells that have a demand for cholesterol bind LDL through an interaction between their LDL receptor and ApoB-100, and then take up the complete particle through receptor-mediated endocytosis. This type of transport is mediated by depressions in the membrane ( coated pits"), the interior of which is lined with the protein clathrin. After LDL binding, clathrin promotes invagination of the pits and pinching off of vesicles ( coated vesicles"). The clathrin then dissociates off and is reused. After fusion of the vesicle with ly-sosomes, the LDL particles are broken down (see p. 234), and cholesterol and other lipids are used by the cells. 

Adipokinetic hormones control metabolism of insects during long-distance flight.359 363 In the migratory locust these hormones consist of a pair of related octapeptides and a decapeptide (Table 30-5). The hormones stimulate triacylglycerol lipase in the insects fat bodies, induce release of carbohydrates from body stores, and affect many other aspects of metabolism.363 Insects also have hormones of the insulin family, proteins consisting of disulfide-linked A and B chains as in insulin. The silkworm Bombyx mori has 38 genes for the insulinlike bombyxins, which are synthesized in the brain.364... 

Cygler, M., Schrag, J.D., Sussman, J.L., Harel, M., Silman, L., Gentry, M.K., Doctor, B.P. (1993). Relationship between sequence conservation and three-dimensional structure in a large family of esterases, lipases, and related proteins. Protein Sci. 2 366-82. 

The purification and properties of porcine pancreatic lipase have been discussed in a recent review (142). Only the most significant facts related to the protein nature of the enzyme will therefore be presented here. 

C. and Verger, R. (1998) Structural basis for the substrate selectivity of pancreatic lipases and some related proteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1376, 417—432. 

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