ProteinChip hydrophobic

The ProteinChip System from Ciphergen Biosystems uses patented SELDI (Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization) ProteinChip technology to rapidly perform the separation, detection, and analysis of proteins at the femtomole level directly from biological samples. ProteinChip Systems use ProteinChip Arrays which contain chemically (cationic, anionic, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, etc.) or biochemically (antibody, receptor, DNA, etc.) treated surfaces for specific interaction with proteins of interest. Selected washes create on-chip, high-resolution protein maps. This protein mass profile, or reten-tate map of the proteins bound to each of the ProteinChip Array surfaces, is quantitatively detected in minutes by the ProteinChip Reader. 

Fig. 8.1 The different types of ProteinChip Arrays. The spots on the chromatographic ProteinChip Arrays possess hydrophobic, cationic, anionic, metal ion affinity, or hydrophilic properties. These chemical surfaces are best suited for protein expression profiling studies. Another series of Pro-...

The basic procedure for Expression Difference Mapping studies with the Pro-teinChip System is quite simple. Virtually any type of protein-containing solution can be applied to the spots of the ProteinChip Arrays. These spots present either chromatographic surfaces with certain physicochemical characteristics (hydrophobic, cationic, anionic, metal ion-presenting or hy-... 

ProteinChip Arrays are available with different chromatographic properties, inciuding hydrophobic, hydrophiiic, anion exchange, cation exchange, and immobilized-nnetai affinity surfaces. Other Protein Chip Arrays with p re-activated surfaces are available for covalently coupling protein, DNA, RNA or other bait" molecules by the user. 

One aspect of viral proteomics that is of interest to physicians is the analysis of serum for protein biomarkers of disease. Studies have been performed on patients infected with SAKS-CoV, HIV, HCV, HBV, and HIV-1 using a variety of approaches. Some of the methods that have been used are 2D-PAGE followed by MS, LC/MS/MS, SELDI ProteinChips, and protein microarrays. These methods have their advantages and disadvantages. 2D gel electrophoresis allows for resolution of greater than 1000 protein species, can be used for quantitative analysis of expression, and reflects changes in PTM and the identification of isoforms. However, several issues with 2D gel electrophoresis are its lack of reproducibility, the difficulty in detecting hydrophobic proteins, low sensitivity, and the inability... 

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