Protein with polymer

The titration of protein with polymer, shown in Figure 6, exhibits very different features than the titration curve of Figure 5. Turbidity appears at once and, initially, exhibits a linear dependence on PDMDAAC concentration. The rate of turbidity development subsequently increases about four-fold, and then diminishes slightly. We may speculate that, in the presence of excess protein, all polyions... 

Shinomiya, K. Menet, J.-M. Fales, H.M. Ito, Y. Studies on a new cross-axis coil planet centrifuge for performing counter-current chromatography. I. Design of the apparatus, retention of the stationary phase, and efficiency in the separation of proteins with polymer phase systems. J. Chromatogr. 1993, 644, 215. 

Application of the vOCG Theory to the HydrophilicjHydrophobic Interactions of Proteins with Polymer Surfaces... 

The reduction of cystine glutathione and proteins with polymer-bound lipoic acid can be carried out either by polymer suspended in the reaction mixture or in a column. 

Immobilization Approaches in Chip-based Microlluidic Systems There are a number of strategies for enzyme immobilization on channels or microchip such as covalent attachment to the activated support, physical adsorption of the protein onto a solid matrix, and copolymerization of the protein with polymers [77]. 

Pitukmanorom, R, Yong, T. H., and Ying, J. Y. 2008. Tunable release of proteins with polymer-inorganic nanocomposite microspheres. Adv Mater 20 3504-9. 

The following summarizes chemical ligation strategies to combine selectively proteins with polymer chains based on the ten natural amino acids that are qualified for ligation chemistry and novel non-natural moieties. For every mentioned reaction type, examples from the last few years are given. 

Fig. 14 Left Example of an acid-base turbimetric titration curve of a mixture protein-PE. Right Turbidimetric titration curve of protein with polymer at pH 4.5. This pH was obtained from the left data...

Lindman B and Thalberg K 1993 Polymer-surfaotant interaotions—reoent developments/nferacf/ons of Surfaotants with Polymers and Proteins ed E Goddard and K P Ananthapadmanabhan (Booa Raton, FL Chemioal Rubber Company) pp 203-76... 

Charged macromolecules, such as proteins or polymers, are often separated elec-trophoretically. The rate of migration through an electric field increases with net charge and field strength. Molecular size of analytes and viscosity of separation media both have inverse relationships with rate of migration. These variables must all be taken into account in order to optimize the conditions for an efficient electrophoretic separation. 

Recombinant DNA technology can also be used to design genes that encode for proteins with desired features [34]. The gene can be incorporated into a plasmid, which is then used to transform a bacterial host such as Escherichia coli. Finally, the production of the desired amino acid polymer is performed by the host with a precisely defined sequence and near absolute monodispersity [29, 35]. 

N. Katre, The conjugation of proteins with polyethylene glycol and other polymers. Altering properties of proteins to enhance their therapeutic potential. Advances Drug Del. Rev, 10, 91 (1993). 

It should be pointed out that the addition of substances, which could improve the biocompatibility of sol-gel processing and the functional characteristics of the silica matrix, is practiced rather widely. Polyethylene glycol) is one of such additives [110— 113]. Enzyme stabilization was favored by formation of polyelectrolyte complexes with polymers. For example, an increase in the lactate oxidase and glycolate oxidase activity and lifetime took place when they were combined with poly(N-vinylimida-zole) and poly(ethyleneimine), respectively, prior to their immobilization [87,114]. To improve the functional efficiency of entrapped horseradish peroxidase, a graft copolymer of polyvinylimidazole and polyvinylpyridine was added [115,116]. As shown in Refs. [117,118], the denaturation of calcium-binding proteins, cod III parvalbumin and oncomodulin, in the course of sol-gel processing could be decreased by complexation with calcium cations. 

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