Protein Linkage Regions

The carbohydrate-protein linkages of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) in collagen-associated PGs, have10,11 the general struc- 

General Composition of the Glycosaminoglycans Having the General Formnla (A-B)  

The DS.GAG chain in calf ligamentum nuchae is attached to a L-lysine residue in the protein core. 2 In adult human skin, the DS.GAG chain is linked by a D-xylosyl-L-alanine bond involving the C-terminus carboxyl group of L-alanine.13 

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These conformations were subjected to a combined MD/EM refinement using the NOESY derived constraints as pseudoenergy functions. Families of conformations for the whole molecule were then constructed from the structures derived for each linkage. This procedure was demonstrated on a fragment from the carbohydrate-protein linkage region of connective tissue proteoglycans. 

We will illustrate our methodology using 0-3-D-galactopyranosyl -(1->4) 0-3 D-xylopyranosyl-(1->0)-L-serine (GXS), a fragment from the carbohydrate-protein linkage region of xylose/serine linked proteoglycans. 

MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF THE CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEIN LINKAGE REGION FRAGMENTS FROM CONNECTIVE-TISSUE PROTEOGLYCANS... 

VIH. Structural Studies on the Carbohydrate-Protein Linkage Region. 215... 

X. Biosynthesis of Carbohydrate-Protein Linkage-Region Oligosaccharides. 228... 

Oligosaccharide Fragments Isolated from the Carbohydrate-Protein Linkage-Region of Dermatan Sulfate Proteoglycans 1... 

Yamada S, Oyama M, Yuki Y, Kato K, Sugahara K. The uniform galactose 4-sulfate structure in the carbohydrate-protein linkage region of human urinary trypsin inhibitor. Eur J Biochem 1995 233 687-693. 

Sugahara K, Yamashina 1, Dewaard P, Vanhalbeek H, Vhegen-thart JFG. Structural studies on sulfated glycopeptides from the carbohydrate-protein linkage region of chondroitin 4-sulfate proteoglycans of swarm rat chondrosarcoma - demonstration of 86. the structure Gal(4-0-Sulfate)-P-l-3-Gal-P-l-4Xyl-P-l-0-Ser. J. 

Rio, S, Beau, J-M, Jacquinet, J-C, Synthesis of glycopeptides from the carbohydrate-protein linkage region of proteoglycans, Carbohydr. Res., 219, 71-90, 1991. 

R421 N. R. Krishna and P. K. Agrawal, Molecular Structure of the Carbohydrate-Protein Linkage Region Fragments from Connective-Tissue Proteoglycans , Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem., 2001, 56, 201... 

Rama Krishna N, Agrawal PK. Molecular structure of the carbohydrate-protein linkage region fragments from connective tissue proteoglycans. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2000 56 201-234. 

Funderburgh JL. Keratan sulfate biosynthesis. lUBMB Life 2002 54 187-194. Sugahara K, Yamada S, Yoshida K, de Waard P, Vliegenthart JF. A novel sulfated structure in the carbohydrate-protein linkage region isolated from porcine intestinal heparin. J Biol Chem 1992 267 1528-1533. 

B21. Bella, A., Jr., and Danishefsky, I., The dermatan sulphate-protein linkage region. /. Biol. Chem. 243, 2860-2664 (1968). 

F6. Fransson, L.-A., Structure of dermatan sulphate. IV. Glycopeptides from the carbohydrate-protein linkage region of pig skin dermatan sulphate. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 156, 311-316 (1968). 

H18. Helting, T., and Rod n, L., The carbohydrate-protein linkage region of chon-droitin 6-sulphate. Biochitn. Biophys. Acta 170, 301-308 (1968). 

H19. Helting, T., and Rod6n, L., Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. I. Galactosyl transfer in the formation of the carbohydrate-protein linkage region. J. Bid. Chem. 244, 2790-2798 (1969). 

L15. Lindahl, U., Further charcterisation of the heparin-protein linkage region. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 130, 368-382 (1966). 

L16. Lindahl, U., Structure of the heparin-protein linkage region. Isolation and characterisation of the disaccharide S-O- -n-glucuronosyl-n-galactose and the trisaccharide 3-0- -D-galactopvranosyl-4-0- 8-D-galactopyranosyl-D-xylose. Ark. Kemi 26, 101-110 (1967). 

R15. Rod n, L., and Smith, R., Structure of the neutral trisaccharide of the chondroitin 4-sulphate-protein linkage region. J. Biol. Chem, 241, 5949-5954 (1966). 

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