Protein antigens cations

Apple, R.J., Domen, P.L., Muckerheide, A., and Michael, J.C. (1988) Cationization of protein antigens. IV. Increased antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells./. Immunol. 140, 3290-3295. 

A Muckerheide, RJ Apple, AJ Pesce, JG Michael. Cationization of protein antigens. J Immunol 138 833, 1987. 

CAH Chronic active hepatitis CALLA Common lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen CALX Conjunctival associated lymphoid tissue CaM Calmodulin cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate also knomt as adenosine 3, 5 -phosphate CAM CeU adhesion molecule CAP57 Cationic protein from neutrophils CAT Catalase CatG Cathepsin G... 

Other adhesion receptors that are structurally and functionally related include the receptors for fibronectin, vitronectin, platelet glycoproteins 13b and Ilia and the VLA (very-late antigen) series. All molecules involved in adhesion recognise the RGD motif and require the divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ for binding. All are dimers of glycosylated proteins with relative molecular masses 95-190 kDa. There is also some sequence homology between the /J-chain (CD18) and one chain of the fibronectin receptor. 

Macrophages Carry receptors for carbohydrates not normally exposed on surfaces of cells in vertebrates e.g., mannose kill engulfed organisms with 02 , HOC1, NO, cationic proteins and peptides, lysozyme Antigen processing and presentation... 

The synovial proteome analysis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Arthritis Res. Ther. 6, R161-R168, 2004 Romeo, M.J., Espina, V., Lowenthal, M. et al., CSE proteome a protein repository for potential biomarker idenfi-cation. Expert. Rev. Proteomics 2, 57-70, 2005 Hueber, W., Kidd, B.A., Tomooka, B.H. et al.. Antigen microarray profiling of autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 2645-2655, 2005. 

The choice of the phospholipid is dependent on the actual needs of the antigen delivery system. Cationic lipid with a combination of pH-sensitive lipid can be used for DNA-based vaccines delivery or intracellular cytosolic delivery of protein molecules. They may also be used in combination vaccines or in combination with other adjuvants like MPL-A (monophosphoryl lipid A), and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma). 

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