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Protamine distribution

In a bio-distribution study with labeled DNA and liposome, it was revealed that DNA was rapidly removed from circulation by the liver after injection of protamine-DNA complexes and uptake by the lung was always less than 10% of injected dose at all time points. However, DNA formulated in LPD was... [Pg.665]

Two-dimensionai gel electrophoresis of histones from interphase and mitotic cells treated with dimethyl sulfate. 2-D gel electrophoresis was carried out with proteins separated by nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis in the first dimension and on 8% polyacrylamide slab gels in the second (6, 7). Separation of histones was enhanced by use of a urea solubilization buffer containing protamines to displace histones from DNA (8). The resulting autoradiograms for histones of both nuclei and chromosomes are in Fig. 3. Incubation of mitotic cells with [32P]NAD before chromosomes were isolated led to prominent labeling of histones H2B and H4 (A, B), and spots are also visible at the positions of HIA and HIB. 32p incorporation is also seen at the positions of histones H2A and H3. hi Fig. 3B, a similar pattern is observed for chromosomal histones from cells treated with DMS. The primary acceptors of isotope are H2B and H4, with radioactivity also present at the positions of HIA, HIB, H2A, and H3. A major change in the relative distribution of 32p between species is clearly not a feature of DMS treatment. [Pg.202]

Vogel, V, et al.. Oligonucleotide-protamine-albumin nanoparticles preparation, physical properties, and intracellular distribution. Journal of Controlled Release, 103 (1) 99-111, 2005. [Pg.264]

Nucleohistones are widely distributed in the somatic cell nuclei of animals, while nucleoprotamines are limited to the mature sperm cell nuclei of certain families of fish. Protamines have been separated from sperm nuclei of more than 50 species of fish and are usually named after the family of fish, according to the proposal of Kossel [1896 (1, 2)]. The main protamines are summarized in Table II-l together with the genus and species names of the organisms from which they are derived. It may sometimes be necessary to re-examine the protamines listed in the table to confirm whether they are true protamines from completely mature sperm nuclei or whether they are from immature ones, which contain basic proteins of various other types, as described below. [Pg.4]

Distribution of Nucleoprotamines and Protamines Table II-l. Origins, Classification, and Discoverers of Main Protamines... [Pg.5]

Since the 1940s and 1950s, with the recognition of the heterogeneous nature of protamines (see Chap. VII) and with the introduction of new materials and techniques in protein chemistry, such as ionexchange, countercurrent distribution and gel filtration, various improvements have been made to the classical procedures, permitting the preparation of protamines in a milder way and without fractionation. [Pg.13]

The countercurrent distribution technique showed protamines, including clupeine, salmine, iridine and mugiline to be inhomogeneous [Rauen et al.y 1953 Felix ef al, 1957 Rasmussen, 1963 Ando et aL, 1957 (1, 3) Scanes and Tozer, 1956 Ando and Sawada, 1961 Morisawa, 1957 Ikoma, 1954 (2)]. In this case, protamine esters, i.e, the methyl ester hydrochloride of clupeine (Rauen et aL, 1953) and of mugiline (Morisawa, 1957), were separated into three and two fractions, respectively, while unesterified protamine sulfates were hardly fractionated by the technique, though patterns of a heterogeneous nature were obtained. [Pg.42]

Ikoma, T. (2) Studies on protamines (VI). Counter-current distribution of mugiline (in Japanese). Seikagaku (J. Japan. Biochem. Soc.) 26, 460—462 (1954). [Pg.100]


See other pages where Protamine distribution is mentioned: [Pg.219]    [Pg.366]    [Pg.758]    [Pg.65]    [Pg.366]    [Pg.399]    [Pg.185]    [Pg.4]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.7]    [Pg.8]    [Pg.42]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.77]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.4 ]




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