Endocarditis, prosthetic valve

TABLE 71-5. Therapy for Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Caused by Staphylococci... 

Prosthetic-valve endocarditis Endocarditis that occurs in patients with bioprosthetic or synthetic implanted heart valves. 

Left-sided endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus / Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE)... 

Diphtheroid-yancomyan is effective for diphtheroid endocarditis, and has been used successfully with rifampin, an aminoglycoside, or both in early onset prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidls or diphtheroids. 

Rifampin is a first-line antitubercular drug used in the treatment of all forms of pulmonary and extrapul-monary tuberculosis. Rifampin is an alternative to isoniazid in the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Rifampin also may be combined with an antileprosy agent for the treatment of leprosy and to protect those in close contact with patients having H. influenza type b and N. meningitidis infection rifampin is also used in methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections, such as osteomyelitis and prosthetic valve endocarditis. 

Rifampin combined with a second agent is used to eradicate staphylococcal carriage. Rifampin combination therapy is also indicated for treatment of serious staphylococcal infections such as osteomyelitis and prosthetic valve endocarditis. 

Rifampin is used in a variety of other clinical situations. An oral dosage of 600 mg twice daily for 2 days can eliminate meningococcal carriage. Rifampin, 20 mg/kg/d for 4 days, is used as prophylaxis in contacts of children with Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. Rifampin combined with a second agent is used to eradicate staphylococcal carriage. Rifampin combination therapy is also indicated for treatment of serious staphylococcal infections such as osteomyelitis and prosthetic valve endocarditis. Rifampin has been recommended also for use in combination with ceftriaxone or vancomycin in treatment of meningitis caused by highly penicillin-resistant strains of pneumococci. 

Nishida T, Mayumi H, Kawachi Y, Tokunaga S, Murayama A, Yasui H, Tokunaga K The efficacy of fluconazole in treating prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Candida glabrata Report of a case. Surg Today Tokyo 1994 24 651-654. 

Nambiar P, Ratnatunga C. Prosthetic valve endocarditis in a patient with Marfan s syndrome following acupuncture. J Heart Valve Dis 2001 10(5) 689-90. 

Tablet-associated esophagitis has been reported in a 70-year-old white man on the fourth day of antibiotic therapy with vancomycin, gentamicin, and oral rifampicin for Staphylococcus epidermidis prosthetic valve endocarditis (50). 

Postcardiotomy syndrome Prosthetic valve endocarditis Pyelonephritis Sinusitis... 

Although prosthetic heart valves have been extensively and successfully anployed clinically, problems still exist during the postoperative period concerning thromboembolism. Infection and valvular Incompetence. Infectious prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) remains as a serious and potentially devastating consequence of valve replacement surgery with mechanically fabricated... 

Anderson, J. M. Jones, R. D. Pelagalll, J. Niven, H. Olanoff, L. S. Cross, F. S. Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis and the Sustained Release of Gentamicin From Prosthetic Valves, J. Thorac. Cardlovasc. Surg. submitted. 

In the past, rheumatic heart disease was a prevalent risk factor for IE, but the incidence of this disease continues to decline. The risk of IE in persons with mitral valve prolapse and regurgitation is small however, because the condition is prevalent, it is an important contributor to the overall number of IE cases. Prosthetic valve endocarditis occurs in 1 % to 4% of patients undergoing valve replacement surgery. ... 

All enterococci causing endocarditis must be tested for antimicrobial susceptibility in order to select optimal therapy (see text). This table is for endocarditis due to gentamicin- or vancomycin-susceptible enterococci, viridans streptococci with a minimum inhibitory concentration of >0.5 mcg/mL, nutritionally variant viridans streptococci, or prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci or Streptococcus bovis. Antibiotic dosages are for patients with normal renal function. 

Lysozyme Gelatin and succinylated gelatin Adsorption Reduction of prosthetic valve endocarditis [106]... 

David TE. The surgical treatment of patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995 7 47-53. 

The other case involves the infection of a Beall prosthetic heart valve. Prosthetic valve endocarditis is a serious complication of cardiac valve replacement and may lead to high rates of mortality... 

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