Prostaglandin D2

Synthesis of the Major Human Urinary Metabolite of Prostaglandin D2... 

The clinical measurement of prostaglandin D2, produced in the body by activation of immune-active cells, required the synthesis of the major urinary metabolite. A synthesis was developed starting with the standard intermediate for PG synthesis. 

N. Miyazaki E, Kumamoto T. Akiyama K Increased production of cysteinyl leukotrienes and prostaglandin D2 during human anaphylaxis. Chn Exp Allergy 2009 39 72-80. SO... 

With regard to epinephrines potential adverse cardiac effects, it is important to remember that in anaphylaxis, the heart is a target organ. Mast cells located between myocardial fibers, in perivascular tissue, and in the arterial intima are activated through IgE and other mechanisms to release chemical mediators of inflammation, including histamine, leukotriene C4, and prostaglandin D2. Coronary artery spasm, myocardial injury, and cardiac dysrhythmias have been documented in some patients before epinephrine has been injected for treatment of anaphylaxis, as well as in patients with anaphylaxis who have not been treated with epinephrine [11, 12]. 

M., Humphrey, G.R. et al. on the long term factory process for the production of a prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonist - unprecedented asymmetric hydrogenation of an indole Fxo-Cyclic Trisubstituted a,(i-Unsaturated Acid. 

Hayaishi, 0. (2002). Molecular genetic studies on sleep-wake regulation, with special emphasis of the prostaglandin D2 system. J. Appl. Physiol. 92, 863-8. 

Satoh, S., Matsumura, H., Suzuki, F., Hayaishi, O. (1966). Promotion of sleep mediated by the A2a adenosine receptor and possible involvement of this receptor in the sleep induced by prostaglandin D2 in rats. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 5980-4. 

Scammel, T., Gerashchenko, D, Urade, Y. et al. (1998). Activation of ventrolateral preoptic neurons by the somnogen prostaglandin D2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 7754-9. 

Infusion of prostaglandin D2 (200 pmol/min) or the adenosine A2a receptor agonist CGS21680 (20 pmol/min) for 2 h into the subarachnoid space under the BF, during the dark period, increased NREM sleep and reduced c-Fos protein in the TMN of rats when compared with saline-treated controls (Scammell et al., 1998, 2001). In contrast, infusion of the adenosine Ai receptor agonist N6-cyclopentyl-adenosine (2 pmol/min) in the same area did not have any effect on sleep-wakefulness or c-fos expression in the TMN. 

Sleep-active neurons have been identified in the ventrolateral and medial preoptic areas. These neurons exhibit increased discharge during SWS and REMS rather than W. Sleep-active neurons colocalize GABA and are excited by adenosine and prostaglandin D2 (McGinty Szymusiak, 2001) (Table 9.3). 

Matsumura, H., Gerashchenko, D., Satoh, S. et al. (1995). Prostaglandin D2 and nitric oxide key factors underlying the regulation of slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep in the rat brain. Sleep Res. 24A, 134. 

Urade, Y. Hayaishi, O. (1999). Prostaglandin D2 and sleep regulation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1436 (3), 606-15. 

Fouchecourt, S., et at (2002a). Mammalian lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase in the fluids of the male genital tract putative biochemical and physiological functions. Biot Reprod. 66, 458-67. 

Hirai, H., et al (2001). Prostaglandin D2 selectively induces chemotaxis in T helper type 2 cells, eosinophils, and basophils via seven-transmembrane receptor CRTH2. J. Exp. Med. 193, 255-61. 

Hiroshima, 0., et al. (1986). Basal level of prostaglandin D2 in rat brain by a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Prostaglandins 32, 63-80. 

Matsumura, H., et al. (1994). Prostaglandin D2-sensitive, sleep-promoting zone... 

Pandey, H. P et al. (1995). Concentration of prostaglandin D2 in cerebrospinal fluid exhibits a circadian alteration in conscious rats. Biochem. Molec. Biol. Int. 37, 431-7. 

Sarny, E. T., et al. (2000). Sertoli cell prostaglandin D2 synthetase is a multifunctional molecule its expression and regulation. Endocrinology 141, 710-21. 

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