Prostaglandin D2 and

Matsumura, H., Gerashchenko, D., Satoh, S. et al. (1995). Prostaglandin D2 and nitric oxide key factors underlying the regulation of slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep in the rat brain. Sleep Res. 24A, 134. 

Urade, Y. Hayaishi, O. (1999). Prostaglandin D2 and sleep regulation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1436 (3), 606-15. 

Enzymatic synthesis of tritium-labelled prostaglandin D2 and other prostaglandins... 

Hayaishi O. Regulation of sleep by prostaglandin D2 and adenosine. In Borbely AA, Hayaishi O, Sejnowski TJ, Altman JS, eds. The Regulation of Sleep. 

Hayaishi O. Molecular mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation roles of prostaglandins D2 and E2. FASEB J 1991 5 2575-2581. 

Pro-inflammatory cytokines (see p. 432 et seq.) can also induce sleep, the effect depending on the concentration of the cytokine and the time of day. The effect on the sleep profile (increased non-REM and decreased REM sleep) appears to depend on the increased synthesis of prostaglandin D2 and nitric oxide which then alter the circadian rhythm. It is also known that some pro-inflammatory cytokines can affect the reuptake of 5-HT which plays an important role in regulating the sleep-wake profile. The endogenous fatty acid, oleamide, can cause sedation and induce sleep by activating cannabinoid receptors but also by potentiating the action of benzodiazepines on their receptor sites. Whether such action is of physiological relevance is presently unknown. 

Ward C, Dransfield I, Murray J, Farrow SN, Haslett C, Rossi AG Prostaglandin D2 and its metabolites induce caspase-dependent granulocyte apoptosis that is mediated via inhibition of IkB- degradation using a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y-independent mechanism. J Immunol 2002 168 6232-6243. 

Urade, Y. and O. Hayaishi 2011. Prostaglandin D2 and sleep/wake regulation. SfeggMedRcv 15(6) 411 18. 

Katsumata, Y, Shinmura, K., Sugiura, Y, Tohyama, S., Matsuhashi, T., Ito, H., Yan, X. et al. 2014. Endogenous prostaglandin D2 and its metabolites protect the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating Nrf2. Hypertension 63(1), 80-7. 

Hayaishi O. Sleep-wake regulation of prostaglandins D2 and E2. J Biol Chem 1988 263 14593-14596. 

In the wheals of CIU, histamine concentrations are increased but the number of mast cells is not increased (85). This observation could be explained by an infiltration of basophils, which could play a role in the release of histamine during late phase reactions and be responsible for the maintenance of wheals in CIU. Basophils are similar to mast cells but do not produce prostaglandin D2 and proteases. Unlike mast cells, basophils mature in the bone marrow and their activation is dependent on the presence of IL-3. Mast cells and basophils express FceRI, the cross-linking of which induces degranulation (74). 

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