Proprietary peels

A large number of combination peels are in the market which combine various alpha-hydroxy acids and also with beta-hydroxy acids. There are other proprietary peels, the exact composition of which is not known. There are hardly any randomized controlled studies on these in Asian patients. There are concerns about their stability and efficacy. Some are made for home use. A comparative study on 44 Indian patients with acne which had two groups, one receiving 35% glycolic acid peels and the other 20% salicylic acid-10% mandelic acid peels for six sessions at 2-weekly intervals, found salicylic-mandelic peel more efficacious for active acne and postacne hyperpigmentation [24]. Mandelic acid penetrates less but in the combination with salicylic acid has a beneficial role in postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. 

Recently there have been a variety of suppliers with chemical peel kits claiming ease of use and increased efficacy. These proprietary kits vary from the vehicle used in delivering the TCA to having color indicators to inform the physician of a peel s completion. Caution should be used when using such kits as many times the physician loses the ability to easily assess the degree of frosting and in turn the depth and safety of the chemical peel. 

Vermouth is officially classified as an "aromatized fortified wine," referring to its derivation from a white base wine fortified and infused with a proprietary set of different plant parts barks, seeds, and fruit peels. These are collectively termed botanicals. Vermouths are particularly popular in Europe and in the United States (Amerine et al., 1980 Griebel, 1955 Panesar et al., 2009). The term "vermouth" is derived from the German word for wormwood Wermut. It is supposedly derived from Wer (man) and Mut (courage, spirit, manhood Pilone, 1954). When vermouth was introduced into Bavaria in the first half of the seventeenth century, by the Piedmont producer Alessio, Artemisia absinthium was probably translated literally as Wermutwein. When it reached France, it was changed to vermouth (Liddle and Boero, 2003). 

Cyanoacrylates will bond skin tissue very rapidly, but bonded skin can usually be relatively easily prised apart by subjecting the adhesive to a peel action rather than direct tension. Hot soapy water will help as well as proprietary hand cleansers. It should never normally be necessary to have to resort to drastic measures such as surgery. 

Elastomer adhesion mechanisms are discussed first from the viewpoint of vulcanization bonding to metals. The approaches of brass plate bonding, bonding with ebonite, with butadiene-methacrylic acid copolymers, and with proprietary adhesives are cursorily reviewed to invoke theories of chemisorption, diffusion, and directed chemical reaction. The time dependency of peel strength as an adhesion response through the vulcanization cycle is cited as a possible indication of mechanism. 

The final data of interest for the proprietary bonding agent were in regard to peel strength development as a rate process. Here we compared the solvent based adhesive again with a typical RFL dip for laminating nylon strips to SBR (Figure 22). 

Although 50% TCA with or without proprietary additives is less toxic than phenolic peels, its unpredictability makes it unsuitable for routine use. Phenolic peels, despite... 

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