Propionate syntrophic

Wallrabenstein C, E Hauschild, B Schink (1995) Syntrophobacter pfennigii sp. nov., new syntrophically propionate-oxidizing anaerobe growing in pure culture with propionate and sulfate. Arch Microbiol 164 346-352. 

Plugge CM, C Dijkema, AIM Stams (1993) Acetyl-CoA cleavage patyhways in a syntrophic propionate oxidizing bacterium growing on fumarate in the absence of methanogens. EEMS Microbiol Lett 110 71-76. 

The procedure is particularly suited to the study of anaerobic transformations since there are no problems resulting from problems with oxygen limitation. A good example is provided by the application of C NMR to the intricate relations of fumarate, succinate, propionate, and acetate in a syntrophic organism both in the presence (Houwen et al. 1991), and in the absence of methanogens (Plugge et al. 1993 Stams et al. 1993). 

Stams AIM, JB van Dijk, C Dijkema, CM Plugge (1993) Growth of syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria with fumarate in the absence of methanogenic bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 59 1114-1119. 

The pathways and mechanism of interspecies transfer have been examined in syntrophic propionate-oxidizing organisms. 

Kosaka T et al. (2006) Reconstruction and regulation of the central catabolic pathway in the thermophilic propionate-oxidizing syntroph Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum. J Bacterial 188 202-210. 

Lueders T, B Pommerenke, MW Friedrich (2004) Stable-isotope probing of microorganisms thriving at thermodynamic limits syntrophic propionate oxidation in flooded soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 70 5778-5786. 

FDHs were isolated from another type of anaerobic bacterium (Eubacterium acidacminophilum) FDHs catalyze the reversible reduction of CO2 to formate (Table 2), with the concomitant transfer of two electrons from the appropriate electron carrier. This reaction has a very negative reduction potential (-420 mV, SHE). The syntrophic bacterium Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans constitutively expressed two W-containing FDH s (FDH-1 and FDH-2) when grown on fumarate or propionate. The purified enzymes exhibit high formate-oxidation and CO2-reduction rates and very low Km values for formate. 

All known propionate oxidizers are also capable of reducing SO , and the biochemical components may include part of the S04 -reducing apparatus (Schink, 1997). Syntrophic propionate use occurs when SO is limiting and involves the transfer of H2 to a methanogenic... 

Harmsen H. J. M., Kengen H. M. P., Akkermans A. D. L., Stams A. J. M., and De Vos W. M. (1996b) Detection and localization of syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria in granular sludge by in situ hybridization using 16S rRNA-based oligonucleotide probes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 1656-1663. 

It has been established that propionate and the longer fatty acids are catabolized by similar syntrophic associations (Boone and Bryant, 1980). 

There has been considerable interest in the anaerobic degradation of propionate that is a fermentation product of many complex substrates, and syntrophic associations of acetogenic and metha-nogenic bacteria have been obtained. 

For a number of reasons, a great deal of effort has been directed to the degradation of alkanoic acids acetate, propionate, and butyrate are fermentation products of carbohydrates and are metabolites of the aerobic degradation of alklanes and related compounds, while long-chain acids are produced by the hydrolysis of lipids. Studies on the degradation of alkanoic adds have been carried out using both pure cultures and syntrophic associations that have been discussed in Section 4.5.1. 

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