Seizures prophylaxis

In a randomized trial, seizures occurred in 14 (16%) of 86 patients with gliomas undergoing contrast CT examinations however, in 83 other patients with gliomas receiving diazepam prophylaxis, seizures occurred in only two patients (2.2%). 

Largactil is a proprietary preparation of chlorpromazine, an aliphatic antipsychotic with marked sedation and moderate antimuscarinic and extrapyramidal side-effects. Serenace is a proprietary preparation of haloperidol, a butyrophenone antipsychotic with marked extrapyramidal side-effects, moderate sedation but not very likely to cause hypotension. Tegretol is a proprietary preparation of carbamazepine, an anti-epileptic drug indicated in partial and secondary generalised tonic-clonic seizures, primary generalised tonic-clonic seizures, trigeminal neuralgia and in the prophylaxis of bipolar disorder unresponsive to lithium. 

Valproate, carbamazepine, and other anticonvulsants pose teratogenic risks. Despite this, treatment should continue during pregnancy, as the potential threat to the fetus by a seizure is greater However, it is mandatory to administer the lowest dose affording safe and effective prophylaxis. Concurrent high-dose administration of folate may... 

Acute head injuries A study evaluating the effect of IV valproate in the prevention of posttraumatic seizures in patients with acute head injuries found a higher incidence of death in valproate treatment groups compared with the IV phenytoin treatment group. Until further information is available, it seems prudent not to use valproate sodium injection in patients with acute head trauma for the prophylaxis of posttraumatic seizures. 

Usiskin SI, Nicolson R, Lenane M, Rapoport JL. Gabapentin prophylaxis of clozapine-induced seizures. Am J Psychiatry 2000 157(3) 482-3. 

Myhrer, T., Enger, S., Aas, P. (2002). Soman-induced seizures in rats possible treatment and prophylaxis. The meeting of NATO TG 004 Task Group on Prophylaxis and Therapy of Chemical Agents, November 4-7, 2002, Oslo, Norway. 

Sodium valproate is effective for a wide range of seizure disorders, including generalised and partial epilepsy, and the prophylaxis of febrile convulsions and post-traumahc epilepsy. 

Chan KW, Mullen CA, Worth LL, Choroszy M, Koontz S, Tran H, Slopis J. Lorazepam for seizure prophylaxis during high-dose busulfan administration. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002 29(12) 963-5. 

Exposed skin should be washed promptly with soap and water. Dermal application of vitamin E oil preparations may be used for both prophylaxis and treatment of paresthesia. Eor contact with eyes, flush immediately and for an extended period with generous amounts of clean water or saline. Gastric lavage is indicated if patient has ingested a large amount of pyrethroid and can be treated soon after exposure. For ingestion of smaller amounts or if treatment has been delayed, activated charcoal and catharsis are indicated. Seizures can be treated with intravenous benzodiazepines (diazepam or loraze-pam) phenytoin or phenobarbital may be helpful for recurrent seizures. No specific antidotes for pyre-throid-induced neurotoxic effects have been approved for use in humans. Spontaneous recovery usually occurs with mild or moderate intoxication. 

Indications Seizure prophylaxis, status epilepticus Category Antiepileptic, hydantoin Half-life 15 minutes... 

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