Properties of ions

Mason E A and McDaniel E W 1988 Transport Properties of Ions in Gases (New York Wiley)... 

Orbach, Optical Properties of Ions in Solids, Plenum Press, New York, 1975, p. 370. 

H. M. Crosswhite andH. W. Moos, eds.. Optical Properties of Ions in Crystals, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1967. D. Curie, Euminescence in Crystals, Methuen, London, 1963. 

The extensive possibilities of the practical application of synthesis, and the study of the properties of ion-ex-change resins have aroused widespread interest in chemistry. This chapter discusses some theoretical problems with cationic resins as catalysts in hydrolysis reactions. New types of cationic resins have been examined and some important generalizations on ion-exchange reactions have been formulated. 

Acid-Base Properties of Ions in Water Solution... 

Desnoyers, J. B. Hydration Effects and Thermodynamic Properties of Ions 5... 

Yatsimirskii, K. (1970). Acid-base and donor-acceptor properties of ions and molecules. Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry (USSR), 6, 376-80. 

A complete model for the description of plasma deposition of a-Si H should include the kinetic properties of ion, electron, and neutral fluxes towards the substrate and walls. The particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo (PIC/MC) model is known to provide a suitable way to study the electron and ion kinetics. Essentially, the method consists in the simulation of a (limited) number of computer particles, each of which represents a large number of physical particles (ions and electrons). The movement of the particles is simply calculated from Newton s laws of motion. Within the PIC method the movement of the particles and the evolution of the electric field are followed in finite time steps. In each calculation cycle, first the forces on each particle due to the electric field are determined. Then the... 

E. A. Mason and E. W. McDaniel, "Transport Properties of Ions in Gases. Wiley, New York, 1988. 

The Born equation thus derived is based on very simple assumptions that the ion is a sphere and that the solvents are homogeneous dielectrics. In practice, however, ions have certain chemical characters, and solvents consist of molecules of given sizes, which show various chemical properties. In the simple Born model, such chemical properties of ions as well as solvents are not taken into account. Such defects of the simple Born model have been well known for at least 60 years and some attempts have been made to modify this model. On the other hand, there has been another approach that focuses on short-range interactions of an ion with solvent molecules. 

Table 2.1. Selected structural, charge, and energetic properties of ion-dipole and dipole-dipole complexes (see Fig. 2.14) ... 

Ludwig s (2001) review discusses water clusters and water cluster models. One of the water clusters discussed by Ludwig is the icosahedral cluster developed by Chaplin (1999). A fluctuating network of water molecules, with local icosahedral symmetry, was proposed by Chaplin (1999) it contains, when complete, 280 fully hydrogen-bonded water molecules. This structure allows explanation of a number of the anomalous properties of water, including its temperature-density and pressure-viscosity behaviors, the radial distribution pattern, the change in water properties on supercooling, and the solvation properties of ions, hydrophobic molecules, carbohydrates, and macromolecules (Chaplin, 1999, 2001, 2004). 

Hydraulic properties, of ion-exchange resins, 74 399 403 Hydraulic retention time (HRT), in biological waste treatment, 25 829 Hydraulic scales, 26 229-230 Hydraulic-settling classifiers, 22 275 Hydrazide(s), 70 504 73 573-576... 

The next section is devoted to the analysis of the simplest transport property of ions in solution the conductivity in the limit of infinite dilution. Of course, in non-equilibrium situations, the solvent plays a very crucial role because it is largely responsible for the dissipation taking part in the system for this reason, we need a model which allows the interactions between the ions and the solvent to be discussed. This is a difficult problem which cannot be solved in full generality at the present time. However, if we make the assumption that the ions may be considered as heavy with respect to the solvent molecules, we are confronted with a Brownian motion problem in this case, the theory may be developed completely, both from a macroscopic and from a microscopic point of view. 

Table 9 compares ionic enthalpies of hydration from the Bernal and Fowler,164 Latimer et al.165 and Rashin and Honig88 procedures. Given the inherent uncertainty, the latter two sets of data are remarkably similar, considering that they were obtained 46 years apart. A number of tabulations of the thermodynamic solvation properties of ions in various solvents have now appeared. It is important to keep in mind, however, that there is a degree of arbitrariness associated with the experimental AHsoivation and AGSoiVation of individual ions. 

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