Properties of Clay and Thermodynamic Aspects

Thermodynamic aspects which have effects on physicai and chemical properties of ciay minerais are discussed here. 

Chemical properties of elays are very important to the understanding of then-behaviour. The electrieal eharge and colloidal size of el mineral partieles make them hydrate and internet so that their hydraulie eonduetivity and stress/ strain properties are quite different from those of sandy soil. Thermodynamies describes how systems ehange when they interact with each other and also with their surroundings. During the above mentioned interactions, how the energy transfer is controlled by the thermodynamic parameters, is to be studied here. 

The elay properties to be discussed here are (i) Clay mineral-water interaetion, (ii) Gas penetrability, (iii) Hydraulic conductivity and (iv) Ion diffusivity, the details of whieh are listed in Table 4.1. 

Mukherjee, The Science of Clays Applications in Industry, Engineering and Environment, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6683-9 4, 2013 Capital Publishing Company 

Clay mineral- It is considered that clay-water interactions occurred from two water different perspectives. First, the influence of the clay surface on the 

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Chemical Properties of Clay and Thermodynamic Aspects 49 Table 4.2 Interactions of thermodynamic systems... 

As mentioned previously, the barrier properties of PLA nanocomposites depend both on the particle size and on the dispersion. If the dispersion in two samples is of the same order, the barrier properties depend on the size of the particles and vice versa [118]. Gas and vapor barrier properties of polymer nanocomposite films are increased because of the large aspect ratios of the clays that result in strong interfacial interactions between the polymeric matrix and the nanoclays [123]. Depending on the strength of the polymer/clay interfacial interactions, three broad classes of nanocomposites are thermodynamically achievable (Figure 12.9) [118] ... 

It is not the intent of this chapter or the next to describe all minerals but rather to concentrate on those minerals and minerals groups whose siu-face properties are of general interest, and also for which there are reliable surface thermodynamic measurements. For this latter reason, feldspars and pyroxenes, among others, are not treated. Fiuther, since the description of clay minerals is frequently not very extensive (and frequently erroneous) in standard mineralogy texts, this aspect of mineralogy has been examined in some depth in this chapter. 

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