Propenoic acid nitrile

Propen-l-ol. See Allyl alcohol 2-Propenal. See Acrolein 2-Propenamide. See Acrylamide Propene, copolymerizations of, 16 111 Propene homopolymerization, 16 104-110 Propene polymerization, 16 94, 99 2-Propenenitrile. See Acrylonitrile (AN) Propenoic acid, physical properties, 5 31t Propenoic acid nitrile. See Acrylonitrile (AN)... 

ACRYLONITRILE. [CAS 107-13-1], Today over 90% of the approximately 4,000.000 metric tons of acrylonitrile (also called aciylic acid nitrile, propylene nitrile, vinyl cyanide, and propenoic acid nitrile) produced worldwide each year use the Soldo-developed ammoxidation process. Acrylonitrile is among the top 50 chemicals producedin the United States as aresult of the tremendous growth m its use as a starting material for a wide range of chemical and polymer products. Acrylic fibers remain the largest use of acrylonitrile other significant uses are in resins and nitrile elastomers and as an intermediate in the production of adiponitnle and acrylamide. 

Propene, 2-methyl (isobutylene) Propenoic acid nitrile (acrylonitrile)... 

Acrylonitrile propenoic acid nitrile 100 25 >30 5 Limited resistance Solef Solvay Polymers Specimen Solef 1008, 1010 and 1012, 2 mm thick test pieces... 

Lignin has been grafted with ethenylbenzene [43,44] (styrene), 4-methyl-2-oxy-3-oxopent-4-ene [45,46] (methylmethacrylate), 2-propenamide (acrylamide), 2-propene nitrile [47] (acrylonitrile), cationic monomers, anionic monomers, and propenoic acid ethoxylates. An index of compounds listing structure, product name, and trivial name is given in Table 3. Two types of... 

Acetonitrile under Aliphatic Nitriles and Cyanates Acryhc Add Propenoic Add under Carboxyhc Acids Acrylonitrile under AUphatic Nitriles and Cyanates Alcohols Aldehydes... 

Vinylpyrroles and vinylindoles are extremely sensitive to acid-catalyzed dimerization and polymerization and it is significant that much of the early research was conducted on systems which were produced in situ. Even by this approach, the dimerization of, for example, 2-(3-indolyl)propene and l-(3-indolyl)-l-phenylethylene was difficult to prevent (see the formation of 110 and 120, Section 3.05.1.2.8). Similarly, although it is possible to isolate ethyl 2-(2- and 3-indolyl)propenoates, they appear to be extremely unstable at room temperature even in the absence of acid (81UP30500) to give [ 4 + 2] cycloadducts of the type (348) (cf. 77JCS(P1)1204>. For many years simple vinylpyrroles also eluded isolation, on account of their facile acid-catalyzed polymerization. Application of the Wittig reaction, however, permits the synthesis of vinyl-pyrroles and -indoles under relatively mild and neutral conditions (see Section 3.05.2.5). In contrast, heteroarylvinyl ketones, esters, nitriles and nitro compounds, obtained by condensation of the appropriate activated methylene compound with the heteroaryl aldehydes (see Section 3.05.2.5), are thermally stable and... 

The reaction of nitriles with aldehydes in the presence of the catalyst 9 proceeds under neutral conditions to give the corresponding a,/3-unsaturated nitriles [8]. It is noteworthy that even acidic substrates tolerate the reaction. Thus, the reaction of ethyl cyanoacetate with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde gave ethyl ( )-2-cyano-3-(4-hy-droxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (10) in 98% yield [7, 8]. 

E)-a,P-Etbylenecarboxylic acid esters. A mixture of m-nitrobenzaldehyde, 1 eq. methyl bromoacetate, and 1 eq. di- -butyl telluride in THF refluxed for 6 h, then quenched with water - (E)-methyl 3-(m-nitrophenyl)propenoate. Y 89%. The method is superior to those based on telluronium salts or on telluronium ylids (requiring strong base) in that it can be used with base-sensitive compds. F.e. inch a,p-ethylene-ketones and -nitriles, and methods, s. X. Huang et al., J. Org. Chem. 53, 4862-4 (1988). 

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