Propanolol, preparation

Sharpless used asymmetric epoxidation as the crucial method in the preparation of the p-Adrenergic blocker, (S)- propanolol (Eqn. (26)). 

For the enantiomeric separation of propanolol, MIP monoliths have been rendered porous by the addition of isooctane in toluene at 2%. The poor solvent content is a crucial parameter for controlling the porosity of the MIP monolith, a higher concentration of poor solvent leading to a more porous but also more fragile material. Actually, a combination of these two techniques, where the selection of the poor solvent and the timing of polymerisation is optimised, can also be employed for the preparation of preformed imprinted monoliths [166, 167],... 

Composite MIP membranes can also be obtained by incorporation of MIP particles into the membrane polymer matrix by mixing the particles in an appropriate solvent with the membrane-forming polymer that is then solidified by the phase inversion process. Membranes thus prepared were used for separation, with targets such as tetracycline [257], theophylline [255], methylphosphonic acid [258], bisphenol [259], indole derivatives [260], propanolol [261], luteolin [262] and norfloxacin... 

Propanolol hydrochloride is prepared from a-naphthol (1-naphthol) and epichlorohydrin. Subsequent treatment with isopropyl amine opens the epoxy ring to yield propanolol. Treatment with hydrochloric acid yields the hydrochloride. 

An imprinted polymer for 5-propanolol was then grown from the surface, using methacrylic acid as the functional monomers and l,l,l-tris-(hydroxymethyl) propane trimethacrylate as the cross-linker, using toluene, dichloromethane, or acetonitrile as the porogenic solvent. The ability of the polymer-coated column to separate the R- and enantiomers of propanolol was investigated. Those polymers prepared in... 

Using QCM detection, a wide variety of conditions with respect to MIP material, preparation method and film thickness had been applied successfully few nm thin titan dioxide imprinted for azobenzene derivatives [46] (cf. Section III.C.l), 10 nm thin electropolymer imprinted for glucose [75] (cf. Section IH.C.2), 100 nm thin PUR imprinted for polar organic solvents [59] (cf. Section HI.C.2), 2 pm thin PMAA-co-TRIM imprinted for 5 -propanolol [54] (cf. Section HI.C.2), 50 pm thick porous PAN-co-AA imprinted for caffein [35] (cf. Section III.D.2), and 30 pm thick macroporous nylon imprinted for L-glutamin [36] (cf. Section III.D.2). 

Alenalol, metaprolol, alprenolol, oxprenolol, acebutolol, propanolol /t-Blocker tablet preparations Anion exchange Tunable UV absorbance... 

A study of the action of dlbutyryl cyclic 3, 5 -AMP (XVIII) on a tracheal chain preparation showed that this derivative of cyclic 3, 5 -AMP was a potent relaxant. Dlbutyryl 3, 5 -AMP was more active than Isoproterenol and Its action was not blocked by the 3-adrenerglc blocking agent, propanolol. In contrast to cyclic 3, 5 -AMP, the dlbutyryl derivative was not a substrate for phosphodiesterase. Cyclic 3, 5 -AMP Itself exhibited no relaxant action on the tracheal preparation, presumably as the result of Its Inability to penetrate cellular structures. 

The cardiovascular actions of ellipticine in the dog and monkey have been studied low doses of the drug, 10-18 mg/kg i.v. in the dog, 5-20 mg/kg i.v. in the monkey and 6-25-18-75 mg in the isolated blood-perfused dog s heart, appeared to stimulate beta receptors and this would be prevented by pretreatment with reserpine and (+ )-propanolol, but not (-(-)-propanolol. Higher doses produced a non cific depression of the cardiac function in the isolated heart preparation and the intact animals [116a]. 

Successively, Suedee et al. [48] used MIP plates prepared by thermal polymerization methods and imprinted with (+)-ephedrine, (+)-pseudoephedrine, and (+)-norephedrine for the separation of a-agonists, -agonists, and -antagonists using mixtures of 5 or 10% acetic acid in methanol or dichloromethane as mobile phases in planar chromatography. Propanolol, pindolol, and oxprenolol were baseline separated by all the polymers imprinted with the aforementioned a-agonists with a-values ranging from 1.43 to 2.16. 

To our best knowledge, the last paper on this subject was published by Aboul-Enein et al. [51], who prepared MIPs imprinted with (5)-timolol for the resolution of (i ,5)-timolol and other cardiovascular drugs (i.e., propanolol, atenolol, timolol. 

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