2- propanol solubility parameter

Solubility parameters can be a useful guide to solvent selection, but precise quantitative relationships between solvent properties and extraction rates are not yet possible [37]. As an illustrative example we mention extraction of Irganox 1010 from PP [37]. Freeze-ground PP was extracted at 120 °C with 2-propanol,... 

FIGURE 3 2 Solvent extraction efficiencies (EF) as functions of dielectric constants (D), solubility parameters (6), and polarity parameters (P and E -). Solvents studied silicon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, n pentane. Freon 113, cyclopentane, n-hexane, carbon tetradiloride, diethylether, cyclohexane, isooctane, benzene (reference, EF 100), toluene, trichloroethylene, diethylamine, chloroform, triethylamine, methylene, chloride, tetra-hydrofuran, l,4 dioxane, pyridine, 2 propanol, acetone, ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water. Reprinted with permission from Grosjean. ... 

Mandal S and Pangarkar VG. Pervaporative dehydration of l-methoxy-2-propanol with acrylonitrile based copolymer membranes prepared through emulsion polymerization A solubility parameter approach and study of structural impact. J. Memb. Sci. 2002 209(l) 53-66. 

The static mode uses both organic solvents such as toluene [27], methanol [28] or acetone [29] and solvent mixtures (usually in a 1 1 ratio) including dichloromethane-acetone [20,28], acetone-hexane [30,31], heptane-acetone [31], acetone-isohexane [32] or methanol-water [33], The use of mixed solvents as extractants provides improved extraction in terms of expeditiousness and recovery [20,28,30-35] as a result of the solubility parameter for a binary mixture being roughly proportional volumewise to the parameters of its components [36], Thus, in the extraction of Irganox 1010 from polypropylene, the addition of 20% of cyclohexane to 2-propanol doubles the extraction... 

FIGURE 2.9 The solubility parameter of 1-propanol as a function of temperature at various pressures. 

The pressure dependence of solubility parameter and its hydrogen bonding component for this system, at T=31°C and at a 0.02 mole fraction of 1-propanol, are shown in Figure 2.11. As observed, the hydrogen bonding contribution, even at very low alkanol concentration, is significant in this system. 

FIGURE 2.11 The effect of pressure on the solubility parameter and its hydrogen bonding component for the mixture CO2 + 1-propanol. 

As shown in Figure 2, the rate of SAN copolymerization in the presence of ZnCl2 is solvent dependent. The greatest rates of polymerization were noted in 1-pentanol (solubility parameter 6=10.9 H) and tert.-butyl alcohol (6=10.6 H). The rates were correspondingly slower in less polar 1-octanol (6=10.3 H), and in more polar 1-butanol (6=11.4 H) and 1-propanol (6=11.9 H). PSAN swells slightly in 1-octanol, but is insoluble in the other alcohols. Presumably the optimum solubility parameter range 10.6-10.9 H (the solubility parameters of 1-pentanol and tert.-butyl alcohol) corresponds to the optimum solvency of the CTC and the optimum minimum solvation of the copolymer. The slower rates in 1-butanol and 1-propanol, both poor solvents for the copolymer, are probably due to the inability of the polarized CTC to penetrate the non-polar macroradical coil. The slower rate of... 

The present study aims to understand the influence of solvent quality on the molecular-level friction mechanism of tethered, brushlike polymers. It involves complementary adsorption studies of PLL-,g-PEG by means of optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) as well as friction studies performed on the nanoscale using colloidal-probe lateral force microscopy (LFM). The adsorbed mass measured by QGM-D includes a contribution from solvent molecules absorbed within the surface-bound polymer fllm. This is in contrast to optical techniques, such as OWLS, which are sensitive only to the dry mass of a polymer adsorbed onto the surface of the waveguide.By subtracting the dry mass , derived from OWLS measurements, from the wet mass , derived from QCM-D measurements, it is therefore possible to determine the mass of the solvent per unit substrate area absorbed in the brushlike structure of PLL- -PEG, expressed as areal solvation, P. Areal solvation was varied by choosing solvents (aqueous buffer solution, methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol) of different quality with respect to the PEG brush. The solvents were characterized in terms of the three-component Hansen solubility parameters, and these values were compared with measured areal solvation of the PEG brush. 

Figure 4. Effect of the total, do, and the individual Hansen solubility parameters, dd, dp, dh, on the solvation, W, of the PEG side chains. The study investigated the following solvents , water , methanol , ethanol , 2-propanol.

In the case of nonaqueous electrolyte solutions, of course, much less data are known. This is because it is not easy to determine absolute values in solvents different from water, since many types of experimental setups require a standard reference, which is not common for nonaqueous systems. Second, the solubility of salts is low in many nonaqueous systems thus rendering any experimental determinations of activity coefficients difficult. Apart from work done by Russian scientists in the 1950s-70s, e.g., [12], mainly the Regensburg group of Barthel and Neueder published relevant data during the last decades, e.g., [13-16], A Pitzer parameter compilation for electrolytes in methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetonitrile, acetmie, dimethoxyethane, and dimethyl carbonate is given in the appendix of [17]. 

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