Proliferation of new products

Competition with Older Products. With the proliferation of new products, competition with older products will become even more keen than in the past. This will place an increasing premium on sophisticated marketing research in helping to determine what share of a market a new product can hope to capture. 

The technical requirements for pigments are subject to constant change because of the development and introduction of new vehicle systems fostered by the proliferation of materials to be colored. The recurring necessity to replace traditional pigments that are not usable with the newer vehicle systems is a permanent incentive for the development of new products. 

Even this brief list may suffice to show that it would be a formidable task to develop a system of factorization free of avoidable redundancies, and that such a system would not be satisfactory even if it avoids arbitrary choices. It would require a rule disqualifying certain centers or lines of stereoisomerism on the basis of their relationships to other potential elements in the same molecule. Such definitions would not be self-contained. Moreover, the products of factorization that would take the place of those dropped cannot be limited to points or lines that are merely differently defined. There would have to be a virtually open-ended proliferation of new elements. This highly undesirable feature would not be offset by a major benefit of the revised system such as a correlation between the numbers of elements and of stereoisomers, because a complete elimination of all redundancies does not seem possible. We conclude that the system of choice is the one based on the principle that the elements of stereoisomerism allow no further factoring. Accordingly we think it best to retain the definitions given in Sects. IV and VI and their strictures that all centers and lines be occupied by atoms or bonds. 

Since the late 1980s, there has been a proliferation of new potential reduced-exposure products (PREPs), promoted by the industry with the claims of reduced harm, in all the four categories that were summarized earlier (Stratton et al. 2001 Hatsukami et al. 2002, 2005). These include (a) modified tobacco products, such as several denicotinized brands and reduced TSNA emission cigarettes (b) chewing gum impregnated with tobacco (c) smokeless tobacco products with claimed reduced nitrosamine levels and (d) cigarette-like products (carbon-heated smoking devices). 

As reviewed, millions of different plastic products are produced and used worldwide. Plastics are used in all markets to meet many different requirements. There are endless newly designed products to meet new requirements. Continued research and new technology will extend the future of the plastics industry. Proliferation of new polymers/ plastics manufactured with specific new end use requirements will continue to be developed along with new processing developments.248 413 116 458... 

While the Codex Alimentarius has taken steps towards international harmonisation of the organic regulations and markets, a proliferation of new obstacles to trade can be observed. Governmental labels excluding imported produce, bureaucratic obstacles, a narrow view of the equivalence concept and a lack of control of private organisations are seen as the main factors. Further efforts are necessary in order to remove these obstacles and to foster international trade in organic products. 

The process known as SPREAD (Surface Promoted Replication and Exponential Amplification of DNA Analogues) attempts to reach the target, striven for by many researchers, of an exponential proliferation of biomolecules in model systems. As already mentioned, product inhibition (e.g., by dimerisation of the new matrices to give C2) only allowed parabolic growth. In the SPREAD process, both solid phase chemistry and feeding have a positive effect on the synthesis. Thus, no separation processes are required, as excess reagents can be removed just by washing. The synthetic process consists of four steps ... 

Research by chemists and chemical engineers will be needed for the development of new analytical techniques to detect nuclear proliferation threats and treaty violations. This will require establishing the characteristic signatures of both production and testing of weapons. Detection of these signatures will depend on chemical spectroscopy techniques, and advances in remote sensing. 

Azo pigments have become considerably more important in recent years as new products have been developed to meet increasingly stringent industrial requirements. Their properties in application, including lightfastness and weatherfastness, resistance to solvents, migration, and heat has improved appreciably. The proliferation of azo compounds has raised the fastness standards of azo pigments to a previously unknown level. 

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