Prokaryotes genetic organization

Before we study how genomic libraries are made we first need to understand the differences between the genetic organization in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Bacterial genes are uninterrupted sequences of... 

The understanding of natural product biosynthetic systems has been extensively developed during the past 20-30 years. Details of both the biochemical mechanisms and the genetic organization of these systems have been investigated. Prokaryotes contain dedicated genes that direct the biosynthesis of natural products. With few exceptions, all the biosynthetic genes required to assemble one particular natural product lie adjacent to each other on prokaryotic chromosomes, that is, they are clustered. 

Despite the differences in nuclear structures between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the genetic code, i.e. the combination of bases which does for a particular amino acid in the process of protein synthesis, is the same as it is in all living organisms. 

Following the first demonstration of the deleterious effect of radiation and ultimately that of chemicals on genetic material, numerous test systems have been used to study the induction of DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, and mutations. This broad spectrum of activity resulted in the birth of genetic toxicology. The test organisms include prokaryotes (e.g., bacteria, fungi) and eukaryotes (e.g., yeast, fruit flies, plants, mammals). 

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