Synthesis program

Propulsion Research Program, Synthesis and Evaluation of Polyfunction al Fluorocarbon and... 

Collins, R.J. and Ciesielski, S.K., Recycling and Use of Waste Materials and Byproducts in Highway Construction, National Cooperative Highway Research Program Synthesis of Highway Practice 199, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 1994. 

Interference with naturally programmed synthesis of hormones. 

At the same time, there are two aspects of this synthesis which require special discussion. These are the creation of complex compounds with definite manner of localization of the coordination bond (regioselective synthesis) and programmed structure (polyhedron-programmed synthesis). 

At the same time, preparative possibilities of the methods [Schemes (4.32) and (4.33)] are not clear due to the small number of examples about their use and the absence of data related to the yields of final products. Taking into account equations (4.24,4.29, 4.30, and 4.33), the possibility of programmed synthesis of complexes of the types 855 and 856 and their mutual transformation should be considered as proved. 

A study of the influence of coordinatively-active R1-substituent nature on the structure of complexes of type 868 was begun in the 1960s and continues to be of interest at present [100,134]. The effect of such substituents is related mainly to an increase of coordination number of the central atom of chelates 868, i.e., it provides a transition from square-planar or tetrahedral polyhedra to penta- or hexacoordi-nated ones. This circumstance allows us to carry out a programmed synthesis of ICC of the azomethinic series with pyramidal or octahedral structures. 

SOME APPLICATIONS OF PROGRAMMED SYNTHESIS OF COORDINATION COMPOUNDS... 

Use of the programmed synthesis, in addition to the possibility of obtaining complexes with controlled coordination mode (regioselective synthesis, Sec. 4.1) and geometry (polyhedron-programmed synthesis, Sec. 4.2), can resolve some theoretical and practical aspects, important in coordination chemistry. 

The possibility of carrying out the type-programmed synthesis (preparation of different types of coordination compounds from the same ligands) is directly related to the problem discussed [10-12,14], On the basis of the data given above, it follows that both ICC and molecular adducts [Schemes (4.19), (4.24), and (4.34)] can be obtained from chelating ligands. Heteroaromatic ligands form [(4.13) and (4.15)] molecular and -complexes. 

Regioselective synthesis is examined mainly on the basis of the conception of competitive coordination and the principle of hard and soft acids and bases [14]. A description of polyhedron-programmed synthesis is given, taking into consideration thin structure compounds to be used as ligands (number, nature, and mutual situation of donor centers and the presence and character of organic fragments, annealed to a metal-cycle). 

The controlled self-assembly of appropriate ligands and metal ions to yield large hollow coordination cages has become a popular approach in the programmed synthesis of nano-sized objects, some of which possess interesting inclusion properties [14]. Important contributions in this context came from the groups of Albrecht [15], Dalcanale [16], Fujita [17], Nitschke [18], Raymond [19], Saalfrank... 

A programmed synthesis of privileged arylthiazoles via sequential C-H couplings catalyzed by palladium or nickel catalysts has been described in detail (14CS123). This versatile protocol can provide all possible arylthia-zole substitution patterns (2-aryl, 4-aryl, 5-aryl, 2,4-diaryl, 2,5-diaryl, 4,5-diaryl, and 2,4,5-triaryl) from an unfunctionalized thiazole platform by 11 distinct synthetic routes. Over 150 arylthiazoles have been prepared using this methodology. 

DNA-programmed synthesis lends itself to an evolutionary approach the tags for small molecule binders may be amplified after each round of affinity selection, and fed into a subsequent generation of synthesis. The approach has been used to discover, from a library of 100 000 000 compounds, ligands for the VV-terminal SH3 domain of the proto-oncogene Crk." " ... 

My warmest thanks also to Prof. Alan W. Biermann (Duke University), who hosted me during various leaves-of-absence at his department. His faith in my approach kept my spirit alive during many months of darkness, and as my mentor on program synthesis research, he distilled a lot of his wisdom during our numerous discussions. 

Let s for a while still keep from actually surveying the achievements of program synthesis research. Instead, we first aim at restricting the scope of such research. Indeed, many people believe it is beneficial to decompose the program development stage into two sub-stages (see Figure 1-3) ... 

The aim of these projects is called natural language programming, and it still constitutes the ultimate goal of program synthesis research. Because of the limited success of these early projects, this strand of research seems more or less dormant nowadays. 

In this last introductory section to automatic programming, we list a few requirements for research in program synthesis, and outline the promises of this research. Finally, pointers to introductory literature are given. 

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