Progesterone Cancer

Kim, I.Y., Han, S.Y., and Kang, T.S. et al. (2005). Pyrethroid insecticides, fenvalerate and permethrin, inhibit progesterone-induced alkaline phosphatase activity in T47D human breast cancer cells. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health—Part A—Current Issues 68, 2175-2186. 

PANNO M L, SALERNO M, PEZZI V, SISCI D, MAGGIOLINI M, MAURO L, MORRONE E G, ANDO S (1996) Effect of oestradiol and insulin on the proliferation pattern of oestrogen and progesterone receptor contents in MCF-7 cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 122 745-9. 

Press MF, Spaulding B, Groshen S, et al. Comparison of different antibodies for detection of progesterone receptor in breast cancer. Steroids 2002 67 799-813. 

Alternatives to estrogen for hot flushes are shown in Table 31-6. Progesterone alone may be an option in women with a history of breast cancer or venous thrombosis, but side effects limit their use. For women with contraindications to hormone therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine are considered by some to be first-line therapy, but efficacy of venlafaxine beyond 12 weeks has not been shown. 

Progesterone may be linked to breast cancer etiology also, there is concern regarding the safety of progestational agents in women with preexisting breast cancer... 

Normal prenatal and postnatal ovarian development, with multiple nonovulatory hemorrhagic follicles as an adult, 30-40% incidence of ovarian cancer in 18 months Normal prenatal development, but insensitive to the development promoted by estrogens during puberty. Sensitive to progesterone and prolactin. 

Anderson E (2002) The role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in human mammary development and tumorigenesis. Breast Cancer Res 4 197... 

Fisher B, Redmond C, Brown A, Wickerham DL, Wolmark N, Allegra J, Escher G, Lipp-man M, Savlov E, Wittliff J, et al. (1983) Influence of tumor estrogen and progesterone receptor levels on the response to tamoxifen and chemotherapy in primary breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1(4) 227—241... 

Runnebaum, I.B., et al., "Progesterone Receptor Variant Increases Ovarian Cancer Risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers Who Were Never Exposed to Oral Contraceptives," Pharmacogenetics, 11, 635-638 (2001). 

Progesterone is synthesized in the corpus luteum in a cycle timed to the menstrual cycle. Synthesis continues should pregnancy develop. Progestins such as megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate find use in therapy for metastatic breast cancer. 

The results of the WHI (Women s Health Initiative) Estrogen Plus Progesterone clinical trial revealing increased incidence of breast cancer, heart disease, stroke, and dementia are provided in J. E. Rossouw et al., JAMA 288 321-333 (2002). 

Ozello, L., DeRosa, C., Habif, D. V., and Greene, G. L. (1991) An immunohis-tochemical evaluation of progesterone receptor in frozen sections, paraffin sections, and cytologic imprints of breast carcinomas. Cancer 67,455 62. 

Apply patch twice weekly skin irritation. Breast tenderness, headache, edema. Risk of endometrial cancer diminished by concurrent progesterone use. Contraindicated in thromboembolic disorder, breast cancer, or estrogen-dependent malignancy. 

In in vitro studies, weak estrogenic effects of bisphenol A were found in cell line MCF7, which was established from human breast cancer cells, and in studies with cytosol preparations from isolated uteri. InMCF7 cells, the estrogenic effects were seen at 1-5 ng/ml and were manifested as in increase in cell proliferation and the induction of progesterone receptors. Bisphenol A was 1000-5000 times less potent than estradiol-17. 

Rationale for the Use of Progesterone Receptor Antagonists in Cancer Treatment... 

Hoffmann J, Lichtner RB, Fuhrmann U, Michna H, Parczyk K, Neef G, Chwalisz K, Schneider MR (2002) Effects of Progesterone Receptor Antagonists on Breast Cancer. In Robertson JFR, Nicholson RI, Hayes DF (eds) Endocrine Management of Breast Cancer. Dunitz... 

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