Products Which Appear

Products measured Without addi tion of sugar With 2 per cent of sugar With 50 per cent of sugar 

We observe that the formation of the different substances characteristic of putrefaction, among others that of phenol and indol, is greatly influenced by the addition of sugar. Thus, with 50 per cent sugar none of these substances is produced (Column in). 

Action of B Coli on Peptone With and Without Sugar 

Glucose Peptone Reaction of the medium Acidity in HSO, Alkalinity in NHa Indol 

We may conclude from the preceding that the presence of indol is not an infallible characteristic of putrefaction. Nxmierous aerobes and even certain anaerobes, like B. putrificus, which cause the disintegration of albiunin to the most simple substances, do not, however, )deld phenol or indol. The production of indol indicates merely a mode of attack, a particular direction given to the dismemberment. In other words, it corresponds 

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The electrochemistry of single-crystal and polycrystalline pyrite electrodes in acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions has been investigated extensively. Emphasis has been laid on the complex anodic oxidation process of pyrite and its products, which appears to proceed via an autocatalytic pathway [160]. A number of investigations and reviews have been published on this subject [161]. Electrochemical corrosion has been observed in the dark on single crystals and, more drastically, on polycrystalline pyrite [162]. Overall, the electrochemical path for the corrosion of n-EeS2 pyrite in water under illumination has been described as a 15 h" reaction ... 

FeL](BF ), and a reduction product which appears to be the hydride [HFeL]-BF. - H2[MeHMe(en)2] (50) reacts with Fe(OAc)2 to give the planar 12ti macrocyclic complex [Fe MeHMe(en)2 ]. ... 

In two cases submitters have observed that the residue separated into two layers. The upper layer consists of a heavy oil apparently because of incomplete washing of the lithium suspension used in manufacturing methyl 1 ithium. When this happens it is necessary to remove the oil with a pipette prior to distillation. Failure to do so gives a product which appears pure by TLC, but which is substantially impure according to elemental analysis (IX high in carbon). ... 

The photochemical and thermal transformations of 5-methyldihydro-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium-8-olate (515) have been investigated. Irradiation using a Hanovia mercury lamp and Pyrex filter gives the isomeric pyridone 516 (4%). When a Rayonet reactor was used, a product which appears to be the valence tautomer 517 (6%) was isolated. Further irradiation of 517 gave... 

In the case of a process in a closed volume, combustion products which appeared earlier also had, at the moment of formation, the same temperature Tc. however, after this, due to adiabatic compression during the pressure increase in combustion, the temperature of the gases grew. Thus, Texpl actually occurs only as an average quantity—cf. Mache s theory of explosion of a gas mixture in a closed volume [12]. 

Dussault and coworkers described the preparation of allylstannanes (116, 117) as part of their synthetic studies (equation 93)731. It is interesting to note the preferred geometries of the products which appear to be dependent on the nature of the stannane employed. In this last example, Yu and Oberdorfer reported the use of free-radical hydrostannylation in their preparation of (tributylstannyl)vinyl-substituted 2-deoxyuridine derivatives (e.g. 118) for use in halogenation and radiohalogenation reactions (equation 94)733. 

With alkynic 1,3-dipolarophiles the dibenzo derivatives (103) react as azomethine imines giving the adducts (104). Regiospecific addition is observed when monosubstituted alkynes are used. In some reactions the cycloadduct (104) is accompanied by a Michael adduct (e.g. 103 R2 = C(C02Me)=CHC02Me). Reaction of compound (103 R1 = Me, R2 = H) with two equivalents of DMAD gives a product which appears to be the 2 1 cycloadduct (105 R1 = Me) (73TL597, 74H(2)27). 

TLC is utilized to insure that all of the desired product is eluted from the column. This procedure removes the minor, polar Impurities present in the crude product which appear at or near the origin of the TLC plate. 

The reactions of diphenylthiirene 1,1-dioxide (35) with enamines afford a variety of products which appear to arise from initial cycloadducts that react further. Thus 1-pyrrolidinoindene yields the indenothiophene 1,1-dioxide 36 (equation 24)45. 

Complete avoidance of gluten is difficult as it is found in a range of foods, including confectionary and manufactured products, which appear unconnected with wheat or other cereals. Celiac disease is a life-long condition which cannot be cured, but it can be successfully managed by following a gluten-free diet. 

Step 5. Beside each energy level, draw the orbitals, showing the signs of the coefficients of the atomic orbitals. All the % bonds are straightforward, but we meet a problem with the two a bonds in the product, which appear to be independent entities. In the next step we have to identify the symmetry these orbitals have with respect to the plane of symmetry maintained through the reaction, and it is not possible to do this for a pair of independent orbitals. The answer is to combine them they are held one bond apart, and they must interact in a % sense. The interaction of the two bonding a orbitals (Fig. 6.17a) and the two antibonding a ... 

Some decomposition of the product, which appeared to be the major side reaction in this procedure, may occur in this step. The submitters found that decomposition is significant when the temperature is k 20°C, and the desired material is left in contact with the basic solution for extended periods of time. This procedure is the most efficient for larger amounts of material. For smaller amounts, base can be added to the aqueous layer in a separatory funnel and the resulting solution can be extracted with methylene chloride. In many cases the submitters have obtained material directly from this extraction that was suitable for further transformations. 

Rzad and Schuler" studied the radiation chemistry of a solution of " C-cyclopropane in hexane over the concentration range 10 " to 10 M. The main radioactive products, which appear to result from ion molecule reactions, are propane formed by H2 transfer (50 %) and by H transfer (20 %) and mixed nonanes (30 %) formed by the addition of CaHg unit to a hexyl ion. At the lower concentrations, very pronounced dose dependence of the yields was observed. This was ascribed to a competitive formation of olefins in the radiolysis. For cyclopropane-cyclohexane solutions the chemical processes seem to be considerably more complicated. The observed yield of total radioactive products extrapolated to zero concentration of cyclopropane are 0.05 and 0.11 G units for hexane and cyclohexane, respectively. These limiting yields are of the order of magnitude of and appear to be related to, the free ion yields in these systems. Since cyclopropane was found to react with hydrocarbon ions" it is used quite often as a scavenger for positive ions, as in the work of Davids and coworkers . 

Grignard reagents also react with epoxides to give products which appear to have been formed by carbanion attack at the less substituted... 

The quotients or products which appear in the expressions for AG, involve a quotient of activities for situations where the reaction has not reached equilibrium. 

The quotients or products which appear in the expressions for AG, AG and K are of activities, and are therefore applicable to all conditions, ideal or non-ideal. So far in this book, such quantities have been given in terms of concentrations, and, as such, are non-ideal quantities unless they are for infinite dilution where all concentrations —> 0. However, many experimental determinations are based on concentrations and, in principle, should be corrected for non-ideality. This will be dealt with in Sections 8.21, 8.24 to 8.27. 

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